David Lyon - Pandemic Surveillance

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2 Title Page Pandemic Surveillance David Lyon polity

3 Copyright Page Copyright Page Copyright © David Lyon 2022 The right of David Lyon to be identified as Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2022 by Polity Press Polity Press 65 Bridge Street Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK Polity Press 101 Station Landing Suite 300 Medford, MA 02155, USA All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-5030-2 ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-5031-9 (pb) A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Control Number: 2021940596 by Fakenham Prepress Solutions, Fakenham, Norfolk NR21 8NL The publisher has used its best endeavors to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition. For further information on Polity, visit our website: politybooks.com

4 Dedication Dedication In memory of Bob Pike, faithful colleague; Saudager Jagdev, friend; and Chris Osborne, brother-in-law. COVID claimed their lives.

5 Acknowledgments Acknowledgments Many thanks to the kind people who have made this somewhat ambitious task more manageable, and even, at times, enjoyable. Those generous and patient souls who read my work and commented, sharing their expertise in computing, communications, law, medicine, public health, sociology and life experience, are Samantha Buttemer, Juanne Clarke, Tommy Cooke, Rodrigo Firmino, Martin French, Griffin Lyon-Wicke, Neil McBride, Benjamin Muller, Midori Ogasawara, Teresa Scassa, Sachil Singh, Emily Smith, Valerie Steeves, plus three perceptive anonymous readers recruited by Polity. Those who patiently offered ideas, stories, references and guidance include Rafael Evangelista, Rui Hou, Reetika Khera, David Leslie, Liza Lin, Jay Meehan, Nurhak Polat, Vidya Subramanian and Elia Zureik. Those giving support and encouragement include Mary Savigar, my editor at Polity, who helped to ease my early doubts; Jennifer Whitaker, who made the index; Emily Smith, who, despite her own pandemic-prompted domestic disruptions, still stood strong; Sylvia Andrychuk, go-to surveillance librarian at the Stauffer; and of course – now after 50 years by my side – Sue, whose partnership and love are unwavering.

6 1 Defining Moments What is “pandemic surveillance?” Context is critical Pandemic and tech-solutionism The burden of this book Road-map to Pandemic Surveillance Notes

7 2 Disease-Driven Surveillance Contact tracing and location-tracking apps Contrasting contact tracing systems Centralized contact tracing Decentralized contact tracing Problems with platforms Beyond contact tracing Public health information systems Surveillance surge Notes

8 3 Domestic Targets Work “place” monitoring School-at-home monitoring Online shopping from home Where from here? Notes

9 4 Data Sees All? A cautionary tale about data-handling Dubious assumptions about data Data makes people visible Data represents people in particular ways Data helps to determine how people are treated Notes

10 5 Disadvantage and the Triage Pandemic disadvantage and healthcare surveillance Surveillance and inequality in pandemic times Notes

11 6 Democracy and Power Hastily established initiatives Surveillance capitalism, pandemic power Civil liberties, human rights and privacy at risk Emerging issues No sunset for pandemic projects? Notes

12 7 Doorway to Hope A tale of two countries Beyond apocalypse Pandemic as portal Notes

13 Index

14 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 5Figure 1. Reproduced with permission from David Leslie, and the BMJ , April 2021.

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David Lyon

polity

Copyright © David Lyon 2022

The right of David Lyon to be identified as Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

First published in 2022 by Polity Press

Polity Press

65 Bridge Street

Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK

Polity Press

101 Station Landing

Suite 300

Medford, MA 02155, USA

All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.