A Practical Approach to Special Care in Dentistry

25 Chapter 8-6Figure 8.6.1 Orthopantomogram showing carotid stent.Figure 8.6.2 Invasive coronary angiography remains the standard for the dete...

26 Chapter 9-1Figure 9.1.1 Orthopantomogram of a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonar...Figure 9.1.2 Inhaling smoke is a chronic work hazard for street hawkers.Figure 9.1.3 Spirometry is the standard respiratory function test for case d...Figure 9.1.4 Chest x‐ray of an elderly man with chronic obstructive pulmonar...

27 Chapter 9-2Figure 9.2.1 Lignosus rhinocerus .Figure 9.2.2 Mandibular dentition: rampant caries and multiple retained root...Figure 9.2.3 (a) Characteristic facial features of asthma. (b) Mouth‐breathi...Figure 9.2.4 Spirometry is the recommended test to confirm asthma (see also ...

28 Chapter 10-1Figure 10.1.1 Orthopantomogram showing extensive caries.Figure 10.1.2 Spontaneous gingival bleeding.Figure 10.1.3 Persistent bleeding from hyperplastic pulpitis (pulp polyp).Figure 10.1.4 Infraorbital haematoma following infiltrative local anaesthesi...

29 Chapter 10-2Figure 10.2.1 Multiple other decayed and defective heavily restored teeth.Figure 10.2.2 (a) Periapical radiograph upper right quadrant showing fractur...

30 Chapter 10-3Figure 10.3.1 Periapical radiograph of the #14 demonstrating extensive bone ...Figure 10.3.2 International normalised ratio (INR) testing in the dental cli...Figure 10.3.3 (a,b) Prolonged bleeding and bruising (haematoma) after dental...Figure 10.3.4 Prolonged bleeding after dental extractions; haemostatic pack ...

31 Chapter 10-4Figure 10.4.1 Periapical radiograph showing root canal treatment in tooth #2...Figure 10.4.2 Exploratory surgery showing radicular fracture. Consequently, ...Figure 10.4.3 Bruising (haematoma) following dental extractions.

32 Chapter 10-5Figure 10.5.1 (a,b) Long cone periapical radiographs of lower anterior teeth...Figure 10.5.2 Ecchymoses associated with dental implant surgery.Figure 10.5.3 Most common types of antiplatelet drugs.

33 Chapter 11-1Figure 11.1.1 Lateral view of the face showing malar prominence and anterior...Figure 11.1.2 Mixed dentition with generalised crowding and pale gingivae.Figure 11.1.3 Orthopantomogram demonstrating mixed dentition, thin mandibula...Figure 11.1.4 (a,b) Facial features: frontal bossing, ‘chipmunk face’, class...

34 Chapter 11-2Figure 11.2.1 Lower lip trauma lesion.Figure 11.2.2 Fractured crowns #11 and #21, extruded tooth # 21, localised i...Figure 11.2.3 Upper right and left periapical and upper occlusal radiographs...Figure 11.2.4 Lower lip radiograph: no foreign body/tooth fragments.Figure 11.2.5 Splinting of teeth #11–23 with wire and composite splint.

35 Chapter 11-3Figure 11.3.1 Panoramic radiography showing tooth resorption of the mandibul...Figure 11.3.2 (a,b) Recurrent oral ulceration in cyclic neutropenia.Figure 11.3.3 Severe periodontal disease and early tooth loss related to chr...Figure 11.3.4 Aggressive periodontitis in a teenager with DiGeorge syndrome ...

36 Chapter 11-4Figure 11.4.1 (a) Dentition: inflamed, hyperplastic, bleeding gingivae; toot...Figure 11.4.2 Spontaneous blood‐filled bullae (angina bullosa haemorrhagica)...

37 Chapter 11-5Figure 11.5.1 Generalised dental plaque, calculus and staining.Figure 11.5.2 (a,b) Right and left bitewing radiographs demonstrating extens...Figure 11.5.3 Infiltration of gingival tissue with leukaemia cells in a pati...Figure 11.5.4 Formation of blood cells (haematopoiesis).

38 Chapter 11-6Figure 11.6.1 Extrusion of the lower right second molar and gingival ulcer w...Figure 11.6.2 Orthopantomogram showing #47 radiolucent periapical lesion wit...Figure 11.6.3 Radionuclide bone imaging showing mandibular invasion.Figure 11.6.4 Mediastinal bulk defined from chest radiograph in Hodgkin lymp...Figure 11.6.5 (a.b) Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT...

39 Chapter 11-7Figure 11.7.1 Back brace for support.Figure 11.7.2 Mucosa – healing ulcer in the vestibule close to #26.Figure 11.7.3 Floor of mouth – minimal saliva pooling; caries #44, #45 and #...Figure 11.7.4 Periapical radiograph demonstrating caries in #44, #45 and #46...Figure 11.7.5 Cone beam computed tomography images showing a changed bone de...Figure 11.7.6 (a,b) Graft‐versus‐host disease.

40 Chapter 12-1Figure 12.1.1 Malar rash (butterfly rash).Figure 12.1.2 Orthopantomogram demonstrating generalised bone loss, retained...Figure 12.1.3 Delayed wound healing and bacterial infection following tooth ...

41 Chapter 12-2Figure 12.2.1 Long cone periapical radiograph #36 demonstrating associated p...Figure 12.2.2 Acute mucositis secondary to the administration of 5‐fluoroura...Figure 12.2.3 A child wearing a hood due to alopecia.Figure 12.2.4 Chest radiograph showing a left single‐lumen central venous ca...

42 Chapter 12-3Figure 12.3.1 Anterior view of the dentition showing generalised hard and so...Figure 12.3.2 (a,b) Bite‐wing radiographs showing horizontal bone loss, subg...Figure 12.3.3 Sirolimus‐induced oral ulceration.Figure 12.3.4 Cyclosporine‐induced gingival hyperplasia.Figure 12.3.5 Cutaneous chronic graft‐versus‐host disease following kidney t...

43 Chapter 13-1Figure 13.1.1 Orthopantomogram showing segmental mandibulectomy reconstructe...Figure 13.1.2 Surgical sequelae of a lower jaw carcinoma. Reconstruction of ...Figure 13.1.3 The mobility of the residual tongue determines the functional ...Figure 13.1.4 Lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel lymph node detection in patien...

44 Chapter 13-2Figure 13.2.1 Periapical radiograph showing extensive cervical caries #33 an...Figure 13.2.2 Hyposalivation and thick and sticky saliva are common acute co...Figure 13.2.3 Rampant caries (‘radiation caries’) is a delayed complication ...Figure 13.2.4 Clinical findings highly suggestive of osteoradionecrosis in a...

45 Chapter 13-3Figure 13.3.1 (a–c) Implant‐supported prosthetic rehabilitation after surgic...Figure 13.3.2 (a,b) Oral health status in a patient with nasopharyngeal carc...Figure 13.3.3 (a,b) Maintenance care is mandatory for the long‐term success ...

46 Chapter 14-1Figure 14.1.1 Anterior dentition: marginal gingivitis; #11 chipped incisal e...Figure 14.1.2 Palatal aspect of the upper anterior teeth: palatal erosion an...Figure 14.1.3 (a,b) Food packing posteriorly.Figure 14.1.4 Co‐operation during radiological examination diminishes with a...

47 Chapter 14-2Figure 14.2.1 Excessive drooling (sialorrhoea, hypersalivation).Figure 14.2.2 Haematoma on the right side of the forehead due to a fall.Figure 14.2.3 (a,b) Partially edentate, plaque‐induced gingivitis, moderate ...Figure 14.2.4 Long cone periapical radiograph demonstrating extensive caries...Figure 14.2.5 Advanced Parkinson disease showing mask‐like appearance, tremo...

48 Chapter 14-3Figure 14.3.1 Partially edentate, extensive caries #13 and #23.Figure 14.3.2 Upper right maxillary quadrant with extensive soft deposits an...Figure 14.3.3 Long cone periapical radiograph of the upper right quadrant de...Figure 14.3.4 Multiple sclerosis presenting with sustained contracture and m...

49 Chapter 14-4Figure 14.4.1 Xerostomia, frothy saliva, tongue biting.Figure 14.4.2 Heavily restored #17 and #18; food trapping interdentally.Figure 14.4.3 Long cone periapical radiograph; 1 mm space between #17 and #1...Figure 14.4.4 Fasciculations of the tongue.

50 Chapter 14-5Figure 14.5.1 Partially edentate; plaque‐induced gingivitis; root caries fro...Figure 14.5.2 Retained roots #17 and #15; root caries #24.Figure 14.5.3 Xerostomia and healing ulcer left lateral border of the tongue...Figure 14.5.4 Orthopantomogram demonstrating extensive interdental decay in ...Figure 14.5.5 Acute ischaemic stroke (cerebellar infarction) confirmed by co...

51 Chapter 15-1Figure 15.1.1 Scalloped tongue due to bruxism/tongue biting.Figure 15.1.2 Poor oral health with associated gingivitis.Figure 15.1.3 Lower incisors: calculus and lingual recession.Figure 15.1.4 Multiple restorations; #25 caries; #24 disto‐occlusal defectiv...Figure 15.1.5 The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS).