A Practical Approach to Special Care in Dentistry

20 14 Neurological Disorders and Strokes 14.1 Alzheimer DiseaseSection I: Clinical Scenario and Dental Considerations Section II: Background Information and Guidelines Recommended Reading 14.2 Parkinson DiseaseSection I: Clinical Scenario and Dental Considerations Section II: Background Information and Guidelines Recommended Reading 14.3 Multiple SclerosisSection I: Clinical Scenario and Dental Considerations Section II: Background Information and Guidelines Recommended Reading 14.4 Motor Neuron DiseaseSection I: Clinical Scenario and Dental Considerations Section II: Background Information and Guidelines Recommended Reading 14.5 StrokeSection I: Clinical Scenario and Dental Considerations Section II: Background Information and Guidelines Recommended Reading

21 15 Psychiatric Disorders 15.1 Anxiety and PhobiaSection I: Clinical Scenario and Dental Considerations Section II: Background Information and Guidelines Recommended Reading 15.2 DepressionSection I: Clinical Scenario and Dental Considerations Section II: Background Information and Guidelines Recommended Reading 15.3 SchizophreniaSection I: Clinical Scenario and Dental Considerations Section II: Background Information and Guidelines Recommended Reading 15.4 Recreational Drug UseSection I: Clinical Scenario and Dental Considerations Section II: Background Information and Guidelines Recommended Reading 15.5 AlcoholismSection I: Clinical Scenario and Dental Considerations Section II: Background Information and Guidelines Recommended Reading

22 16 Other Special Considerations 16.1 AllergiesSection I: Clinical Scenario and Dental Considerations Section II: Background Information and Guidelines Recommended Reading 16.2 Antiresorptive and Antiangiogenic DrugsSection I: Clinical Scenario and Dental Considerations Section II: Background Information and Guidelines Recommended Reading 16.3 Pregnancy and BreastfeedingSection I: Clinical Scenario and Dental Considerations Section II: Background Information and Guidelines Recommended Reading 16.4 Bariatric PatientsSection I: Clinical Scenario and Dental Considerations Section II: Background Information and Guidelines Recommended Reading 16.5 HomelessnessSection I: Clinical Scenario and Dental Considerations Section II: Background Information and Guidelines Recommended Reading 16.6 End of LifeSection I: Clinical Scenario and Dental Considerations Section II: Background Information and Guidelines Recommended Reading

23 Appendix A: Case Mix Model

24 Appendix B: Common Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases

25 Appendix C: American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification System

26 Appendix D: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

27 Appendix E: WHO Three‐step Ladder for Pain Relief

28 Appendix F: Medical Conditions Associated with Increased Bleeding Risk

29 Appendix G: Classes of Drugs Associated with Increased Bleeding Risk

30 Appendix H: Bleeding Risk Associated with Dental Procedures

31 Appendix I: Topical Haemostatic Agents for Invasive Dental Procedures

32 Index

33 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 1-1 Table 1.1.1 Considerations for dental management. Table 1.1.2 Classification and characteristics of cerebral palsy.

2 Chapter 1-2 Table 1.2.1 Considerations for dental management. Table 1.2.2 Management of epileptic seizure in the dental clinic. Table 1.2.3 New classification of epilepsy. Table 1.2.4 Clinical presentation of seizures.

3 Chapter 1-3 Table 1.3.1 Considerations for dental management. Table 1.3.2 Classification and characteristics of muscular dystrophy.

4 Chapter 2-1 Table 2.1.1 Considerations for dental management. Table 2.1.2 Medical management of attention deficit and hyperactivity disord...

5 Chapter 2-2 Table 2.2.1 Considerations for dental management. Table 2.2.2 Common concurrent conditions in the autism spectrum disorders.

6 Chapter 2-3 Table 2.3.1 Considerations for dental management. Table 2.3.2 Most common systemic conditions in Down syndrome.

7 Chapter 3-1 Table 3.1.1 Considerations for dental management.

8 Chapter 3-2 Table 3.2.1 Considerations for dental management. Table 3.2.2 Auditory deficit classification. Table 3.2.3 Auditory deficit aetiology.

9 Chapter 4-1 Table 4.1.1 Considerations for dental management.

10 Chapter 4-2 Table 4.2.1 Potential consequences of HIV disease. Table 4.2.2 Main antiretroviral drugs with adverse orofacial effects . Table 4.2.3 Considerations for dental management.

11 Chapter 4-3 Table 4.3.1 Considerations for dental management. Table 4.3.2 Prescription of drugs for patients with moderate to severe hepat... Table 4.3.3 Characteristics of the most common types of viral hepatitis.

12 Chapter 5-1 Table 5.1.1 Considerations for dental management. Table 5.1.2 Managing hypoglycaemia in the dental clinic a. Table 5.1.3 Criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes (WHO). Table 5.1.4 Types of insulin and their action profiles.

13 Chapter 5-2 Table 5.2.1 Considerations for dental management. Table 5.2.2 Clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism.

14 Chapter 5-3 Table 5.3.1 Dental management considerations. Table 5.3.2 Causes of hyperthyroidism.

15 Chapter 6-1 Table 6.1.1 Considerations for dental management.Table 6.1.2 Child–Pugh classification of cirrhosis.

16 Chapter 6-2Table 6.2.1 Oral findings in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing...Table 6.2.2 Considerations for dental management.Table 6.2.3 Prescription of drugs for patients with chronic kidney disease.Table 6.2.4 Clinical characteristics of chronic kidney disease.Table 6.2.5 Classification of chronic kidney disease.

17 Chapter 7-1Table 7.1.1 Classification of mandibular cortical bone in assessment of oste...Table 7.1.2 Considerations for dental management.

18 Chapter 7-2Table 7.2.1 Considerations for dental management.

19 Chapter 7-3Table 7.3.1 Orofacial adverse effects of the most common biological disease‐...Table 7.3.2 Dental management considerations.Table 7.3.3 Extra‐articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (excludin...

20 Chapter 8-1Table 8.1.1 Examples of oral side‐effects of antihypertensive drugs.Table 8.1.2 Considerations for dental management.Table 8.1.3 Blood pressure categorisation in adults.Table 8.1.4 Early diagnosis of target organ damage in hypertensive patients ...Table 8.1.5 Main oral antihypertensive drugs.

21 Chapter 8-2Table 8.2.1 Main oral adverse effects of antianginal drugs.Table 8.2.2 Considerations for dental management.Table 8.2.3 Protocol for the management of an angina pectoris attack (specif...Table 8.2.4 Classification of angina pectoris.

22 Chapter 8-3Table 8.3.1 Main adverse oral effects of drugs administered prophylactically...Table 8.3.2 Considerations for dental management.Table 8.3.3 Clinical classification of myocardial infarction.

23 Chapter 8-4Table 8.4.1 Main oral adverse effects of antiarrhythmic drugs.Table 8.4.2 Considerations for dental management.Table 8.4.3 Pacemaker coding system. (North American Society of Pacing and E...

24 Chapter 8-5Table 8.5.1 Considerations for dental management.Table 8.5.2 Antimicrobial prophylaxis for preventing infective endocarditis ...

25 Chapter 8-6Table 8.6.1 Considerations for dental management.

26 Chapter 9-1Table 9.1.1 Considerations for dental management.Table 9.1.2 Types of respiratory failure.Table 9.1.3 GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) st...

27 Chapter 9-2Table 9.2.1 Considerations for dental management.Table 9.2.2 Asthma severity.Table 9.2.3 Asthma attack severity and emergency management.Table 9.2.4 Pharmacological management of asthma.

28 Chapter 10-1Table 10.1.1 General dental management considerations.Table 10.1.2 Blood coagulation factor defects in descending order of frequen...Table 10.1.3 Severity of haemophilia (World Federation of Haemophilia 2012).Table 10.1.4 Therapeutic approaches for patients with haemophilia.Table 10.1.5 Risk factors for inhibitor development in haemophilia.Table 10.1.6 General management of patients with inhibitors.