Smart Systems for Industrial Applications

The anatomical relationship that exists between healthy organs and pathologic was well understood by surgeons by exhibiting the preoperative available images. Particularly if the organs of interest are immobile, then AR-based surgeries are successfully implemented. The recent application of AR in improved myoma detection and fibroid mapping are very good examples [36]. Some other similar techniques are used in gynecologic oncology for the identification of sentinel lymph nodes that have reduced the morbidity incorporated with group lymphadenectomy [37]. The communication technologies associated with three-dimensional printing to create physical models for better visualization of organ configuration offers an AR, which is unrealizable through other traditional imaging techniques. With recent techniques, advanced communication-enabled 3D printers can emulate various tissue types [38]. Given the changes in myoma size, position, and length within a uterus, 3D printing of a uterus can help the surgeon come up with good prior operative planning. In this manner, communication technologies associated with AI and AR offer a great deal in helping gynecological surgeons.

We concluded that further research and application of VR and AR in the healthcare and communication technologies are necessary. The summary of above discussed article is given in Table 1.6.

Table 1.6 Impact of AI-driven augmented and virtual reality in healthcare.

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