Research Methods in Language Teaching and Learning

As a result, linguistics now draws on state‐of‐the‐art work from such fields as psychology, computer science, biology, neuroscience and cognitive science, sociology, music, philosophy, and anthropology. The interdisciplinary nature of the field presents both challenges and opportunities to students who must understand a variety of evolving research skills and methods. The Guides to Research Methods in Language and Linguistics addresses these skills in a systematic way for advanced students and beginning researchers in language science. The books in this series focus especially on the relationships between theory, methods, and data—the understanding of which is fundamental to the successful completion of research projects and the advancement of knowledge. Published 1 The Blackwell Guide to Research Methods in Bilingualism and MultilingualismEdited by Li Wei and Melissa G. Moyer 2 Research Methods in Child Language: A Practical GuideEdited by Erika Hoff 3 Research Methods in Second Language Acquisition: A Practical GuideEdited by Susan M. Gass and Alison Mackey 4 Research Methods in Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics: A Practical GuideEdited by Nicole Müller and Martin J. Ball 5 Research Methods in Sociolinguistics: A Practical GuideEdited by Janet Holmes and Kirk Hazen 6 Research Methods in Sign Language Studies: A Practical GuideEdited by Eleni Orfanidou, Bencie Woll, and Gary Morgan 7 Research Methods in Language Policy and Planning: A Practical GuideEdited by Francis Hult and David Cassels Johnson 8 Research Methods in Intercultural Communication: A Practical GuideEdited by Zhu Hua 9 Research Methods in Psycholinguistics and the Neurobiology of Language: A Practical GuideEdited by Annette M. B. de Groot and Peter Hagoort 10 Research Methods in Language Teaching and Learning: A Practical GuideEdited by Kenan Dikilitaş and Kate Mastruserio Reynolds Forthcoming 1 Current Approaches in Second Language Acquisition ResearchEdited by Susan M. Gass and Alison Mackey

3 Title page Research Methowds in Language Teaching and Learning A Practical Guide Edited by Kenan Dikilitaş and Kate Mastruserio Reynolds

4 Copyright

5 List of Figures

6 List of Tables

7 Notes on Contributors

8 Introduction to Research Methods in Language Teaching and Learning

9 1 Learning to Use a Qualitative Case Study Approach to Research Language Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs

10 2 Researching the Language Classroom Through Ethnographic Diaries: Principles, Possibilities, and Practices

11 3 Grounded Theory: A Means to Generate Hypotheses on the Possible Impacts of Student Negotiation in an EFL Speaking Context

12 4 Narrative Inquiry in Applied Linguistics: A Storied Account of Its Procedures, Potentials, and Challenges in an Empirical Project

13 5 Positioning Analysis in Longitudinal Classroom-Based Research

14 6 Online and Hybrid Research Using Case Study and Ethnographic Approaches: A Decision-Making Dialogue Between Two Researchers

15 7 Ethnography and a Heuristics of the Heart: Allied Solidarity With Indigenous Language and Literacy Activism

16 8 Action Research in Teacher Education: Practical and Theoretical Challenges and Opportunities From Norway

17 9 Discourse Analysis as a Research Methodology for L2 Context

18 10 Conversation Analysis in TESOL

19 11 Combining Corpus-Based Methods With Interviews in Applied Linguistics Research

20 12 Exploratory Survey Research

21 13 Using Mixed Methods Design to Investigate Vocabulary Acquisition

22 14 Correlational Analysis in SLA: Insights From the Study Abroad Research

23 15 Conducting a Non-Experimental Design Quantitative Study and the Application of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling

24 16 Behind the Scenes of a Longitudinal Large-Scale Randomized Controlled Trial Study With Native Spanish Speakers: Lessons Learned

25 17 Quantitative Systematic Reviews: A Lived Experience

26 18 Exploring the (Un–)explored in Applied Linguistics: Conducting a Systematic Review in Intercultural Communicative Competence

27 Index

28 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Map of Safaliba towns

2 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Extract from Sert (2017, p. 21)Figure 10.2 Extract from Sert (2017, p. 19)

3 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Item 16 as it appeared to the respondentFigure 12.2 Item 28 as presented to the respondent

4 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Checklist of the basic...

5 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Scatterplots

6 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 The first PLS-SEM algorithmFigure 15.2 Outer loading relevance testing...Figure 15.3 Measurement model after removing...Figure 15.4 Final structural path modelAppendix 15B AMT Criteria Set-up ScreenAppendix 15E Variables, Reliability and Validity

7 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Research design submitted in the grant proposalFigure 16.2 ELLA levels of interventionFigure 16.3 Time commitment for intervention designFigure 16.4 Longitudinal foundational...

8 Chapter 10Figure 18.1 EPPI-Reviewer Flow Diagram

1 Chapter 3 Table 3.1 A sample analysis of qualitative... Table 3.2 Sources of findings related to developing a theory Table 3.3 Validity criteria for...

2 Chapter 6Appendix 6A A Sample of Chaoran’s Approach...

3 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Data material

4 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Research questions and gaps addressed...Table 11.2 Research questions and gaps...Table 11.3 Normalized frequencies of authorial...Table 11.4 Normalized frequencies of discourse...

5 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Potential differences of relevance...

6 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Three common sub-types of mixed methods...

7 Chapter 14Table 14.1 CAF measures as dependent variables

8 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Survey constructsTable 15.2 Issues to considerAppendix 15A Literature Review TableAppendix 15C Advantages and Disadvantages of PLS-SEMAppendix 15D Composite Reliability...Appendix 15F Results and Discussion Distinction

9 Chapter 18Table 18.1 Coding characteristics of included...Appendix 18A Journals included in the searching process

1 Cover

2 Series page Guides to Research Methods in Language and Linguistics Series Editor: Li Wei, Centre for Applied Linguistics, University College London The science of language encompasses a truly interdisciplinary field of research, with a wide range of focuses, approaches, and objectives. While linguistics has its own traditional approaches, a variety of other intellectual disciplines have contributed methodological perspectives that enrich the field as a whole. As a result, linguistics now draws on state‐of‐the‐art work from such fields as psychology, computer science, biology, neuroscience and cognitive science, sociology, music, philosophy, and anthropology. The interdisciplinary nature of the field presents both challenges and opportunities to students who must understand a variety of evolving research skills and methods. The Guides to Research Methods in Language and Linguistics addresses these skills in a systematic way for advanced students and beginning researchers in language science. The books in this series focus especially on the relationships between theory, methods, and data—the understanding of which is fundamental to the successful completion of research projects and the advancement of knowledge. Published 1 The Blackwell Guide to Research Methods in Bilingualism and MultilingualismEdited by Li Wei and Melissa G. Moyer 2 Research Methods in Child Language: A Practical GuideEdited by Erika Hoff 3 Research Methods in Second Language Acquisition: A Practical GuideEdited by Susan M. Gass and Alison Mackey 4 Research Methods in Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics: A Practical GuideEdited by Nicole Müller and Martin J. Ball 5 Research Methods in Sociolinguistics: A Practical GuideEdited by Janet Holmes and Kirk Hazen 6 Research Methods in Sign Language Studies: A Practical GuideEdited by Eleni Orfanidou, Bencie Woll, and Gary Morgan 7 Research Methods in Language Policy and Planning: A Practical GuideEdited by Francis Hult and David Cassels Johnson 8 Research Methods in Intercultural Communication: A Practical GuideEdited by Zhu Hua 9 Research Methods in Psycholinguistics and the Neurobiology of Language: A Practical GuideEdited by Annette M. B. de Groot and Peter Hagoort 10 Research Methods in Language Teaching and Learning: A Practical GuideEdited by Kenan Dikilitaş and Kate Mastruserio Reynolds Forthcoming 1 Current Approaches in Second Language Acquisition ResearchEdited by Susan M. Gass and Alison Mackey

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