Smart City Infrastructure

1 Cover

2 Title page

3 Copyright

4 Preface

5 Acknowledgment

6 1 Deep Dive Into Blockchain Technology: Characteristics, Security and Privacy Issues, Challenges, and Future Research Directions 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Blockchain Preliminaries 1.3 Key Technologies of Blockchain 1.4 Consensus Algorithms of Blockchain 1.5 Internet of Things and Blockchain 1.6 Applications of Blockchain in Smart City 1.7 Security and Privacy Properties of Blockchain 1.8 Privacy and Security Practices Employed in Blockchain 1.9 Challenges of Blockchain 1.10 Conclusion References

7 2 Toward Smart Cities Based on the Internet of Things 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Smart City Emergence 2.3 Smart and Sustainable City 2.4 Smart City Areas (Sub-Areas) 2.5 IoT 2.6 Examples of Smart Cities 2.7 Smart City Benefits 2.8 Analysis and Discussion 2.9 Conclusion and Perspectives References

8 3 Integration of Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence in Smart City Perspectives 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Concept of Smart Cities, Blockchain Technology, and Artificial Intelligence 3.3 Smart Cities Integrated with Blockchain Technology 3.4 Smart Cities Integrated with Artificial Intelligence 3.5 Conclusion and Future Work References

9 4 Smart City a Change to a New Future World 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Role in Education 4.3 Impact of AI on Smart Cities 4.4 AI and IoT Support in Agriculture 4.5 Smart Meter Reading 4.6 Conclusion References

10 5 Registration of Vehicles With Validation and Obvious Manner Through Blockchain: Smart City Approach in Industry 5.0 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Related Work 5.3 Presented Methodology 5.4 Software Requirement Specification 5.5 Software and Hardware Requirements 5.6 Implementation Details 5.7 Results and Discussions 5.8 Novelty and Recommendations 5.9 Future Research Directions 5.10 Limitations 5.11 Conclusions References

11 6 Designing of Fuzzy Controller for Adaptive Chair and Desk System 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Time Spent Sitting in Front of Computer Screen 6.3 Posture 6.4 Designing of Ergonomic Seat 6.5 Fuzzy Control Designing 6.6 Result of Chair and Desk Control 6.7 Conclusions and Further Improvements References

12 7 Blockchain Technology Dislocates Traditional Practice Through Cost Cutting in International Commodity Exchange 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Blockchain Technology 7.3 Blockchain Solutions 7.4 Conclusion 7.5 Managerial Implication 7.6 Future Scope of Study References

13 8 Interplanetary File System Protocol Based Blockchain Framework for Routine Data and Security Management in Smart Farming 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Data Management in Smart Farming 8.3 Proposed Smart Farming Framework 8.4 Farmers Support System 8.5 Results and Discussions 8.6 Conclusion 8.7 Future Scope References

14 9 A Review of Blockchain Technology 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Related Work 9.3 Architecture of Blockchain and Its Components 9.4 Blockchain Taxonomy 9.5 Consensus Algorithms 9.6 Challenges in Terms of Technologies 9.7 Major Application Areas 9.8 Conclusion References

15 10 Technological Dimension of a Smart City 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Major Advanced Technological Components of ICT in Smart City 10.3 Different Dimensions of Smart Cities 10.4 Issues Related to Smart Cities 10.5 Conclusion References

16 11 Blockchain—Does It Unleash the Hitched Chains of Contemporary Technologies 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Historic Culmination of Blockchain 11.3 The Hustle About Blockchain—Revealed 11.4 The Unique Upfront Statuesque of Blockchain 11.5 Blockchain Compeers Complexity 11.6 Paradigm Shift to Deciphering Technologies Adjoining Blockchain 11.7 Convergence of Blockchain and AI Toward a Sustainable Smart City 11.8 Business Manifestations of Blockchain 11.9 Constraints to Adapt to the Resilient Blockchain 11.10 Conclusion References

17 12 An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture and Consensus Protocols 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Blockchain Architecture 12.3 Consensus Algorithm 12.4 Conclusion References

18 13 Applicability of Utilizing Blockchain Technology in Smart Cities Development 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Smart Cities Concept 13.3 Definition of Smart Cities 13.4 Legal Framework by EU/AIOTI of Smart Cities 13.5 The Characteristics of Smart Cities 13.6 Challenges Faced by Smart Cities 13.7 Blockchain Technology at Glance 13.8 Key Drivers to the Implementation of Blockchain Technology for Smart Cities Development 13.9 Challenges of Utilizing Blockchain in Smart City Development 13.10 Solution Offered by Blockchain to Smart Cities Challenges 13.11 Conclusion References

19 About the Editors

20 Index

21 End User License Agreement

1 Cover

2 Table of Contents

3 Title page

4 Copyright

5 Preface

6 Acknowledgment

7 Begin Reading

8 About the Editors

9 Index

10 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 Smart city according to Nokia. Figure 2.2 Elements of a smart city. Figure 2.3 IoE.

2 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Smart city—Conceptual framework.Figure 3.2 Trend in development of smart cities.Figure 3.3 Integration of technologies in smart cities.Figure 3.4 Basic working of blockchain technology.Figure 3.5 Categorization of artificial intelligence.Figure 3.6 Smart city model using blockchain technology.Figure 3.7 Applications in smart city using blockchain technology.Figure 3.8 Framework of security in smart cities.Figure 3.9 Role of AI in developing smart city.Figure 3.10 Infrastructure of four-layer smart city.Figure 3.11 Operation of autonomous vehicles using AI and LiDAR technology.Figure 3.12 Smart surveillance by night vision thermal camera system.Figure 3.13 Smart energy management system with NILM algorithm.

3 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Population in few larger cities of India [6].Figure 4.2 Information and communication technology (ICT) [15].Figure 4.3 Air pollution in world [7].Figure 4.4 Death caused by flood [10].Figure 4.5 World road traffic [11].Figure 4.6 Rural population in India [6].Figure 4.7 Illustration image of smart meter reading [2].

4 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Use case of manufacturer.Figure 5.2 Use case of dealer.Figure 5.3 Use case of registration authority.Figure 5.4 Use case of police.Figure 5.5 Use case of customer.Figure 5.6 Sequence diagram.Figure 5.7 High level view of architecture.Figure 5.8 Detailed view of architecture. Figure 5.9 Level 0 DFD.Figure 5.10 Level 1 DFD.Figure 5.11 Level 2 DFD.Figure 5.12 Activity diagram.Figure 5.13 Entity relationship diagram.Figure 5.14 Schema for assets.Figure 5.15 Schema for manufacturer.Figure 5.16 Schema for RTO.Figure 5.17 Schema for dealer.Figure 5.18 Schema for police.Figure 5.19 Schema for customer.Figure 5.20 Front page.Figure 5.21 Main page.Figure 5.22 Asset creation.Figure 5.23 Model testing for manufacturer.Figure 5.24 Transaction history.Figure 5.25 Process history.Figure 5.26 Docker file.Figure 5.27 Test cases.

5 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Parameters that are controlled by the fuzzy controller.Figure 6.2 Input/output block in fuzzy logic control for adaptive chair and desk...Figure 6.3 Block diagram of the fuzzy logic controller.Figure 6.4 Membership function for the height of the person.Figure 6.5 Membership function for the chair’s height.Figure 6.6 Membership function for the armrest height.Figure 6.7 Membership function for the desk height.Figure 6.8 Membership function for the eye height level.Figure 6.9 Surface view of eye height level.Figure 6.10 Surface view of chair’s height.Figure 6.11 Surface view of desk height.Figure 6.12 Surface view of seat depth.Figure 6.13 Rule view of the complete adaptive system, showing results for the p...

6 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Traditional pattern of commodity flow from domestic to international ...Figure 7.2 Generation of letter of credit from banks to firms. Source: Author’s ...Figure 7.3 International trading of commodity through blockchain technology. Sou...Figure 7.4 Presentation of cost associated with FOB in soybeans export supply ch...Figure 7.5 Representation of cost of handling in a triangular distribution throu...Figure 7.6 Handling stage from point of origin through @Risk in Pert distributio...Figure 7.7 Supply chain process for exporting soy beans with PERT identification...