Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children
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- Название:Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children
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Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация
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A comprehensive and incisive exploration of obesity in society and the clinical setting Clinical ;Obesity in Adults and Children
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Peter was a clinician, a researcher, a teacher, and an academic leader. His research was initially into the genetics of obesity, but this developed into a wider interest in many aspects of obesity, particularly its management. He led the production of clinical guidelines, and his focus was always on the patient with obesity, and with equity. He was a leader in medical education and was executive dean of the Faculty of Health at The University of East Anglia, and then returned as principal at St George's Hospital in London, where he had trained. He became an academic leader within the Royal College of Physicians and the University of London. He was one who cared for others and strove to provide the best care for his patients, and mentoring and leadership for his students and colleagues.
For the two of us, Peter was a wonderful colleague and friend who organised and led us through the production of the last three editions of this textbook. He was a clear thinker, considerate, and helpful to us all.
This textbook, Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children, 4th Edition, is dedicated to him.
Ian D. Caterson
William H. Dietz
List of Abbreviations
| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| ADP | air displacement plethysmography |
| AHI | Apnea/Hypopnea Index |
| AHO | Albright hereditary osteodystrophy |
| AHS | ad hoc stomach |
| ART | assisted reproductive technology |
| ASCVD | atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease |
| ASP | acylation‐stimulating protein |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| AgRP | agouti‐related peptide |
| BAT | brown adipose tissue |
| BDI | Beck Depression Inventory |
| BED | binge‐eating disorder |
| BGL | blood glucose levels |
| BIA | bio‐electrical impedance analysis |
| BIH | benign intracranial hypertension |
| BMI | Body Mass Index |
| BMR | basal metabolic rate |
| BPD | biliopancreatic diversion procedure |
| CART | cocaine and amphetamine‐related transcript |
| CBT | cognitive behavioral therapy |
| CKK | cholecystokinin |
| CETP | cholesteryl ester transfer protein |
| CHD | coronary heart disease |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| CI | confidence interval |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| COH | controlled ovarian hyperstimulation |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| CPAP | continuous positive airway pressure |
| CPE | carboxypeptidase E |
| CPT1 | carnitine palmitoyl transferase‐1 |
| CRH | corticotrophin‐releasing hormone |
| CRP | C‐reactive protein |
| CT | computed tomography |
| CVD | cardiovascular disease |
| DAG | diacyl glycerol |
| DALY | disability‐adjusted life‐years |
| DC | direct calorimetry |
| DIT | diet‐induced thermogenesis |
| DOHaD | developmental origins of health and disease |
| DEXA | dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry |
| EB | energy balance |
| EBM | evidence‐based medicine |
| ED | erectile dysfunction |
| EDS | excessive daytime sleepiness |
| EE | energy expenditure |
| EI | energy intake |
| EMCL | extramyocellular lipid |
| EMG | electromyogram |
| EMR | electronic medical record |
| EOG | electro‐oculogram |
| EPOC | postexercise oxygen consumption |
| FABP | fatty acid binding proteins |
| FDG‐PET | fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography |
| FFA | free fatty acids |
| FFM | fat‐free mass |
| FFQ | food frequency questionnaire |
| fMRI | functional magnetic resonance imaging |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| GDM | gestational diabetes |
| GH | growth hormone |
| GHD | growth hormone deficiency |
| GHS‐R1a | growth hormone secretagog receptor 1a |
| GI | gastrointestinal; Glycemic Index |
| GIP | gastric inhibitory peptide |
| GL | glycemic load |
| GLP‐1 | glucagon‐like peptide‐1 |
| GLUT‐4 | glucose transporter‐4 CER ceramide |
| HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| HCG | human chorionic gonadotropin |
| HD | hydrodensitometry |
| HDL | High‐density lipoprotein |
| HB‐EGF | heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor like growth factor |
| HF | heart failure |
| HSL | hormone‐sensitive lipase |
| IAPP | islet amyloid polypeptide |
| IBW | ideal body weight |
| IC | indirect calorimetry |
| IDF | International Diabetes Federation |
| IGT | impaired glucose tolerance |
| IHD | ischemic heart disease |
| IMCL | intramyocellular lipid |
| IOTF | International Obesity Task Force |
| IRS | insulin receptor substrates |
| IUGR | intrauterine growth restriction |
| IVF | in vitro fertilization |
| JIB | jejunoileal bypass |
| KO | knockout |
| LAGB | laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding |
| LAUP | laser‐assisted uvulopalatoplasty |
| LDL | low‐density lipoprotein |
| LBM | lean body mass |
| LED | low‐energy diets |
| LH | lateral hypothalamic; luteinizing hormone |
| LPL | lipoprotein lipase |
| LV | left ventricular |
| MACE | major adverse cardiac event |
| MAD | mandibular advancement devices |
| MAFLD | metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease |
| MAS | McCune–Albright syndrome |
| MC4R | melanocortin concentrating hormone receptor 4 |
| MCH | melanin‐concentrating hormone |
| MCP‐1 | monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 |
| MET | metabolic equivalent |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| MIF | migration inhibitory factor |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinase |
| MR | Mendelian Randomisation |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| MRS | magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
| MS | metabolic syndrome |
| MSR | macrophage scavenger receptor |
| MUFA | monounsaturated fatty acid |
| NAFLD | nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |
| NASH | nonalcoholic steatohepatitis |
| NCD | noncommunicable diseases |
| NCEP | National Cholesterol Education Program |
| NE | norepinephrine |
| NEAT | nonexercise activity thermogenesis |
| NEFA | nonesterified fatty acids |
| NGF | nerve growth factor |
| NGT | normal glucose tolerance |
| NHLBI | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute |
| NMB | neuromedin B |
| NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance |
| NPY | neuropeptide Y |
| NPY/AgRP | neuropeptide‐Y/agouti‐related protein |
| NREM | nonrapid eye movement |
| NST | nucleus of the solitary tract |
| NTS | nucleus tractus solitarius |
| OFC | orbitofrontal cortex |
| OGTT | oral glucose tolerance test |
| OHS | obesity hypoventilation syndrome |
| OR | odds ratio |
| OSA | obstructive sleep apnea |
| PAI‐1 | plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 |
| PCOS | polycystic ovary syndrome |
| PHT | pulmonary hypertension |
| PMF | protein‐modified fast |
| POMC | pro‐opiomelanocortin |
| PP | pancreatic polypeptide |
| PSG | polysomnography |
| PTP1B | protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B |
| PUFA | polyunsaturated fatty acids |
| PVN | paraventricular nucleus |
| PWS | Prader–Willi syndrome |
| QOL | quality of life |
| R a | rate of appearance |
| RBP‐4 | retinol binding protein‐4 |
| REE | resting energy expenditure |
| REM | rapid eye movement |
| RMR | resting metabolic rate |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| RPE | rating of perceived exertion |
| RQ | respiratory quotient |
| RR | relative risk |
| RYGB | Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass |
| SCFAs | short chain fatty acids |
| SD | standard deviations |
| SES | socio‐economic status |
| SFA | saturated fatty acids |
| SHGB | sex hormone‐binding globulin |
| SNP | single nucleotide polymorphisms |
| SNS | sympathetic nervous system |
| SPA | spontaneous physical activity |
| T1DM | type 1 diabetes mellitus |
| T2DM | type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| TCRFTA | temperature‐controlled radiofrequency ablation to the tongue base and palate |
| TEF | thermic effect of food |
| TG | triacylglycerol/triglyceride |
| TIMP | tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase |
| TRH | thyrotropin‐releasing hormone |
| TSH | thyroid‐stimulating hormone |
| UCP‐1 | uncoupling protein 1 |
| UPPP | uvulopalatopharyngoplasty |
| VAI | visceral adiposity index |
| VAT | visceral adipose tissue |
| VBG | vertical banded gastroplasty |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| VLCD | very low‐calorie diets |
| VLDL | very low‐density lipoprotein |
| VLED | very low‐energy diets |
| VMH | ventromedial hypothalamus |
| WAT | white adipose tissue |
| WC | waist circumference |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| WHR | waist/hip ratio |
1 Obesity – Introduction: History and the Scale of the Problem Worldwide
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