Digital Dentistry

1 Cover

2 Title Page

3 Copyright Page

4 List of Contributors

5 Foreword

6 Preface

7 Part 1: Basic Knowledge of Digital Dentistry Chapter 1: Introduction to Digital Dentistry 1.1 Definitions 1.2 History of Digital Dentistry 1.3 In‐House and Outsourced Digital Workflow 1.4 Current Knowledge and Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry References Chapter 2: Computer‐Aided Design (CAD) 2.1 Digital Imaging Methods 2.2 Software Manipulation References Chapter 3: Computer‐Aided Manufacturing (CAM) 3.1 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3.2 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) 3.3 Stereolithography (SLA) 3.4 Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3.5 Milling References

8 Part 2: Clinical Applications of Digital Dentistry Chapter 4: Digital Workflow in Prosthodontics/Restorative Dentistry 4.1 Clinical Procedures for Intraoral Scanning 4.2 Setting Up the Virtual Patient 4.3 Digital Workflow for Restorations/Prostheses 4.4 Three‐Dimensional Printing in Prosthodontics References Chapter 5: Digital Workflow in Periodontology 5.1 Periodontal Surgical Planning 5.2 CAD‐CAM Surgical Guides for Clinical Crown Lengthening 5.3 Image‐Guided Periodontal Surgery 5.4 Surgical Guide for Soft Tissue Graft 5.5 Research Evidence References Chapter 6: Digital Workflow in Implant Dentistry 6.1 The Concept of Prosthetically Driven Surgical Planning 6.2 Static Image‐Guided Implant Surgery 6.3 Dynamic Guided Implant Surgery 6.4 Bone Graft Volumetric Planning References Chapter 7: Digital Workflow in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 7.1 Image‐Guided Surgical Removal of Impacted Teeth 7.2 Surgical Planning of Orthognathic Surgeries 7.3 Surgical Guides: Types and Classification 7.4 Virtual Planning of Trauma Surgeries References Chapter 8: Digital Workflow in Endodontics 8.1 Digital Imaging in Endodontics 8.2 Electronic Apex Location 8.3 Use of the Dental Operating Microscope in Endodontics 8.4 CAD‐CAM Guided Endodontics Acknowledgments References Chapter 9: Digital Workflow in Orthodontics 9.1 CAD‐CAM Guides for Orthodontic Brackets 9.2 CAD‐CAM Guides for Orthodontic Miniscrews 9.3 Orthodontic Aligners References Chapter 10: Digital Workflow in Dental Public Health, Preventive Dentistry, and Dental Education 10.1 Digital Dentistry in Public Health 10.2 Digital Workflow in Preventive Dentistry 10.3 Digital Dentistry in Dental Education References

9 Part 3: Case Atlas Chapter 11: Multidisciplinary Clinical Cases References

10 Index

11 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 1 Table 1.1 Estimate of the amount of machinery, equipment, dedicated softwar...

2 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Main types of technology and printers used in dentistry, their sy...Table 3.2 Types of materials used in resin and filament 3D printers, and th...Table 3.3 Materials used for filament 3D printing.Table 3.4 Materials used for SLA 3D‐printing.

3 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Treatment factors classified according to the potential of being c...Table 4.2 Clinical and laboratory main steps for planning CAFIPs.

4 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Information on available surgical guides.

5 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Suggested advantages of digital workflow in dental public health...

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Three‐dimensional objects imported in different coordinates of th... Figure 1.2 A 3D object (reconstructed model of a maxillary CBCT scan) is pos... Figure 1.3 Digital workflow involving imaging and planning centers. All trea... Figure 1.4 LabelImg AI software tool being used to label the dataset. Figure 1.5 Screen capture of the software Hello Pearl (Los Angeles, USA) sho... Figure 1.6 Screen capture of the software Hello Pearl (Los Angeles, USA) sho... Figure 1.7 Screen capture of the software Hello Pearl (Los Angeles, USA) sho... Figure 1.8 Screen capture of the software Hello Pearl (Los Angeles, USA) sho...

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 A CBCT device integrated with cephalometric and panoramic radiogr... Figure 2.2 Screen capture of the Horos open‐source DICOM viewer software (Ho... Figure 2.3 Screen capture of the Horos open‐source DICOM viewer software (Ho... Figure 2.4 Patient positioning with adequate posture in the CBCT device. Figure 2.5 CBCT scout image (left) used to define the FOV of the scan (right... Figure 2.6 The TRIOS ®4 intraoral scanner (3Shape A/S), which uses conf... Figure 2.7 The CEREC Omnicam intraoral scanner integrated with a milling dev... Figure 2.8 Screen capture of the main screen of the IOS software. Figure 2.9 Example of an established intraoral scanning protocol. Figure 2.10 Intraoral scanning procedure (top left: maxillary scan; top righ... Figure 2.11 Mesh trimming procedure to remove unnecessary areas from the sca... Figure 2.12 Intraoral scans ready. Figure 2.13 Superimposition of two intraoral scans performed on the edentulo... Figure 2.14 1Desktop scanner calibration device. 2Automatic desktop 3Shape... Figure 2.15 7After starting a new project in the 3Shape software, a display... Figure 2.16 11For prosthetic or surgical work, it is necessary to scan the ... Figure 2.17 Workflow with facial scans in oral rehabilitation. Figure 2.18 Facial scanning procedure with a mobile device application. Figure 2.19 Left: screenshot of the Bellus3D software after completing a fac... Figure 2.20 clOner facial scanner (Done3D, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil). Figure 2.21 1Canon DSLR camera body. 210 mm macro lens. 3Circular flash. Figure 2.22 Left: Underexposure photography. Middle: Balanced exposure photo... Figure 2.23 1Occlusal retractor. 2“V” retractor. 3“U” retractor. 4Mirror... Figure 2.24 Initial photographs of the patient at rest (left) and smiling (r... Figure 2.25 45° and 90° photographs for right and left sides. Figure 2.26 Photograph with lips at rest to assess the exposure of central i... Figure 2.27 Photograph with MIC retractors with evaluation of the right and ... Figure 2.28 Photographs with mandibular movements, protrusion (top), right l... Figure 2.29 Occlusal photographs of the maxilla and mandible using a U‐shape...Figure 2.30 Target segmentation. After setting a cursor at the margin betwee...Figure 2.31 3D model. Six organs (three pairs) are shown three‐dimensionally...Figure 2.32 Salivary gland benign tumor. Left: A case of pleomorphic adenoma...Figure 2.33 MRI diagnosis of tongue cancer. Left: A case of squamous cell ca...Figure 2.34 Dental model made in Meshmixer, front and base view.Figure 2.35 Screenshot of the DentalCAD software being used in an in vitro e...Figure 2.36 Screenshot of the Modellier software being used to outline the m...Figure 2.37 Dental implant planning performed on DICOM files using ImplantSt...Figure 2.38 Top: STL file image sample. Bottom: Corresponding STL mesh.Figure 2.39 Top: PLY file image sample. Middle: PLY file image with texture ...Figure 2.40 Left: OBJ file image sample. Right: OBJ file mesh.Figure 2.41 Surgical planning performed on a virtual patient.Figure 2.42 The same surgical planning as Figure 2.40, after removing the vi...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 (a) Calibration of the filament 3D printer. (b–d) Dental model ma...Figure 3.2 Schematic presentation of the parts of an LCD printer.Figure 3.3 Project screenshot ready to be sliced, showing object layer thick...Figure 3.4 Occlusal view of a 3D‐printed model at 50 μm, with a vacuum‐forme...Figure 3.5 Printed occlusal splint being placed in a light chamber.Figure 3.6 Screen capture of a 3D‐printing software. (a) Crown positioned at...Figure 3.7 Crown prototype printed successfully hanging on the printing plat...Figure 3.8 A DLP 3D printer (FlashForge Hunter).