Surya K. De - Fundamentals of Cancer Detection, Treatment, and Prevention

1 Cover

2 Title Page Fundamentals of Cancer Detection, Treatment, and Prevention Surya K. De

3 Copyright Author Dr. Surya K. De Conju‐Probe San Diego CA United States Cover Image: © Lightspring/Shutterstock All books published by WILEY‐VCH are carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors, and publisher do not warrant the information contained in these books, including this book, to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate. Library of Congress Card No.: applied for British Library Cataloguing‐in‐Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at < http://dnb.d-nb.de >. © 2022 WILEY‐VCH GmbH, Boschstraße 12, 69469 Weinheim, Germany All rights reserved (including those of translation into other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in any form – by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means – nor transmitted or translated into a machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law. Print ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐35065‐0 ePDF ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐83858‐5 ePub ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐83857‐8 oBook ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐83856‐1

4 Medical Advice Disclaimer

5 Dedication

6 Preface

7 About the Book

8 About the Author

9 Common Abbreviations and Acronyms List of Acronyms of Cancer Organizations Further Reading

10 1 An Overview of Cancer1.1 Introduction 1.2 Cancer Statistics 1.3 Differences Between Normal Cells and Cancer Cells 1.4 Types of Cancer 1.5 The Role of Genes and Chromosomes 1.6 Genetic Mutations 1.7 Genes Connected to Cancer 1.8 Tumors and Metastasis 1.9 Hereditary Cancer Risk 1.10 Cancer Screening and Diagnosis 1.11 Cancer Treatment Options References

11 2 Cancer Risk Factors and Prevention2.1 Introduction 2.2 Hormones 2.3 Immunosuppression and Infectious Agents 2.4 Chronic, Long‐term, DNA‐damaging Inflammation 2.5 Being Overweight/Obese 2.6 Eating to Win 2.7 Role of Sugar and Artificial Sweeteners on Cancer 2.8 Role of Certain Foods and Drinks on Cancer 2.9 Role of Smoking or Tobacco Use on Cancer 2.10 Role of Radiation on Cancer 2.11 Role of Sunlight and UV Radiation on Cancer 2.12 Role of Radon on Cancer 2.13 Known Human Carcinogens 2.14 Possible Human Carcinogens 2.15 Guidelines for Early Detection of Cancer References Further Reading

12 3 Bladder Cancer3.1 Introduction 3.2 Genes Associated with Bladder Cancer 3.3 Types of Bladder Cancer 3.4 Symptoms of Bladder Cancer 3.5 Diagnosis 3.6 Methods of Treatment 3.7 Treatment Regimens 3.8 Risk Factors/Possible Prevention References

13 4 Cancers of the Blood4.1 Introduction 4.2 Genes Associated with Blood Cancer 4.3 Types of Blood Cancers 4.4 Blood Cancer Symptoms 4.5 Diagnosis 4.6 Methods of Treatment 4.7 List of Drugs for Different Types of Blood Cancers 4.8 Leukemia Treatment regimens 4.9 Hodgkin's Lymphoma Treatment Regimens 4.10 Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma Treatment Regimens 4.11 Cutaneous T‐Cell Lymphoma Treatment Regimens 4.12 Primary CNS Lymphoma Treatment Regimens 4.13 Multiple Myeloma Treatment Regimen 4.14 Risk Factors and Possible Preventions References

14 5 Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors5.1 Introduction 5.2 Genes Associated with Brain Cancer 5.3 Types of Primary Brain Tumors for Adults 5.4 Types of Brain Cancer for Children 5.5 Brain Tumor Symptoms 5.6 Diagnosis 5.7 Methods of Treatment 5.8 Treatment Regimens 5.9 Post‐Treatment Rehabilitation 5.10 Risk Factors/Possible Preventions References

15 6 Breast Cancer6.1 Introduction 6.2 Genes Associated with Breast Cancer (Pathophysiology) 6.3 Describing Breast Cancer 6.4 Breast Cancer Symptoms 6.5 Diagnosis 6.6 Methods of Treatment 6.7 Drugs for Breast Cancer in Men 6.8 Treatment Regimens 6.9 Risk Factors/Possible Preventions References

16 7 Colorectal Cancer7.1 Introduction 7.2 Genes Associated with Colorectal Cancer 7.3 Colorectal Cancer Symptoms 7.4 Stages 7.5 Diagnosis 7.6 Methods of Treatment 7.7 Drugs to Anal Cancer 7.8 Drugs to Prevent Anal Cancer 7.9 Risk Factors/Possible Preventions References

17 8 Cervical Cancer8.1 Introduction 8.2 Causes of Cervical Cancer 8.3 Symptoms of Cervical Cancer 8.4 Diagnosis 8.5 Methods of Treatment 8.6 Vaccines to Prevent Cervical Cancer 8.7 Treatment Regimens: Systemic Therapy for Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer 8.8 Risk Factors/Possible Preventions References

18 9 Kidney Cancer9.1 Introduction 9.2 Genes Associated with Kidney Cancer 9.3 Types of Kidney Cancer 9.4 Kidney Cancer Symptoms 9.5 Diagnosis 9.6 Kidney Cancer Stages 9.7 Methods of Treatment 9.8 Treatment Regimens 9.9 Risk Factors/Possible Preventions References

19 10 Liver (Hepatocellular) Cancer10.1 Introduction 10.2 Gene Associated with Liver Cancer and Role of Hepatitis Infection 10.3 Liver Cancer Symptoms 10.4 Diagnosis 10.5 Methods of Treatment 10.6 Treatment Regimens 10.7 Liver (Hepatocellular) Cancer Risk Factors/Possible Preventions References

20 11 Lung Cancer11.1 Introduction 11.2 Genes Associated with Lung Cancer 11.3 Types of Lung Cancer 11.4 Symptoms of Lung Cancer 11.5 Diagnosis 11.6 Methods of Treatment 11.7 Treatment Regimens 11.8 Risk Factors and Possible Preventions References

21 12 Melanoma (Skin Cancer)12.1 Introduction 12.2 Genes Associated with Melanoma 12.3 Types of Melanoma 12.4 Stages of Malignant Melanoma 12.5 Symptoms of Melanoma Cancer 12.6 Diagnosis 12.7 Methods of Treatment 12.8 Drugs for Other Types of Skin Cancer 12.9 Treatment Regimens 12.10 Melanoma Risk Factors 12.11 Possible Prevention References

22 13 Mesothelioma13.1 Introduction 13.2 Genes Associated with Mesothelioma 13.3 Types of Mesothelioma Cancers 13.4 Mesothelioma Cancer Symptoms 13.5 Diagnosis 13.6 Methods of Treatment 13.7 Treatment Regimens 13.8 Possible Prevention 13.9 Occupational Exposure Prevention 13.10 Household Exposure Prevention References

23 14 Ovarian, Vaginal, and Vulvar Cancer14.1 Introduction 14.2 Genes Associated with Ovarian, Vaginal, and Vulvar Cancer 14.3 Symptoms of Ovarian, Vaginal, and Vulvar Cancer 14.4 Diagnosis 14.5 Methods of Treatment 14.6 Drugs for Vaginal Cancer 14.7 Drugs to Prevent Vaginal Cancer 14.8 Drugs to Treat Vulvar Cancer 14.9 Drugs to Prevent Vulvar Cancer 14.10 Treatment Regimens 14.11 Risk Factors/Possible Preventions References

24 15 Pancreatic Cancer15.1 Introduction 15.2 Genes Associated with Pancreatic Cancer 15.3 Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer 15.4 Diagnosis 15.5 Methods of Treatment 15.6 Treatment Regimens for Pancreatic Cancer 15.7 Risk Factors and Possible Preventions References

25 16 Prostate Cancer16.1 Introduction 16.2 Genes Associated with Prostate Cancer 16.3 Symptoms of Prostate Cancer 16.4 Diagnosis 16.5 Methods of Treatment 16.6 Treatment Regimens 16.7 Risk Factors/Possible Preventions References

26 17 Stomach (Gastric) Cancer17.1 Introduction 17.2 Genes Associated with Stomach Cancer 17.3 Symptoms of Stomach Cancer 17.4 Stages of Stomach Cancer 17.5 Diagnosis 17.6 Methods of Treatment 17.7 Radiation Therapy 17.8 Chemotherapy 17.9 Targeted Medications 17.10 Immunotherapy 17.11 Treatment Regimens for Stomach Cancer 17.12 Risk Factors 17.13 Possible Preventions References

27 18 Thyroid Cancer18.1 Introduction 18.2 Genes Associated with Thyroid Cancer 18.3 Types of Thyroid Cancer 18.4 Thyroid Cancer Symptoms 18.5 Diagnosis 18.6 Staging of Thyroid Cancer 18.7 Methods of Treatment 18.8 Treatment Regimens 18.9 Possible Preventions References