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Wiley Series on Polymer Engineering and TechnologyRichard F. Grossman and Domasius Nwabunma, Series Editors

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Polyolefin Composites Edited by Domasius Nwabunma and Thein Kyu

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Total Quality Process Control for Injection Molding, Second Edition M. Joseph Gordon, Jr.

Microcellular Injection Molding Jingyi Xu

Poly(Lactic Acid): Synthesis, Structures, Properties, Processing, and Applications Edited by Rafael Auras, Loong‐Tak Lim, Susan E.M. Selke, and Hideto Tsuji

Hyperbranched Polymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications Edited by Deyue Yan, Chao Gao, and Holger Frey

Advanced Thermoforming: Methods, Machines and Materials, Applications, and Automation Sven Engelmann

Biopolymer Nanocomposites: Processing, Properties, and Applications Alain Dufresne, Sabu Thomas, Laly A. Pothan

Polymers for PEM Fuel Cells Hongting Pu

Polyurethanes: Science, Technology, Markets, and Trends Mark F. Sonnenschein

Functional Polymer Coatings: Principles, Methods, and Applications Edited by Limin Wu and Jamil Baghdachi

Polyurethanes: Science, Technology, Markets, and Trends, Second Edition Mark F. Sonnenschein

Poly(lactic acid): Synthesis, Structures, Properties, Processing, Applications, and End of Life, Second Edition Edited by Rafael A. Auras, Loong‐Tak Lim, Susan E.M. Selke, and Hideto Tsuji

SECOND EDITION

Edited by

RAFAEL A. AURASLOONG‐TAK LIMSUSAN E. M. SELKEHIDETO TSUJI

This edition first published 2022 © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data applied for Hardback ISBN: 9781119767442

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To our students, mentors, and families .

Hideki Abe, Bioplastic Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, Japan

Ashwini K. Agrawal, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India

Ann‐Christine Albertsson, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

Rafael Auras, School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan

Sanchita Bandyopadhyay‐Ghosh, Engineered Biomedical Materials Research and Innovation Centre (EnBioMatRIC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India

Anibal Bher, School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Materials Institute of Misiones (IMAM), CONICET‐UNaM, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina

Edgar Castro‐Aguirre, The Kraft Heinz Company, Glenview, Illinois

Gian Domenico Cella,Novamont SpA, Novara, Italy

Kevin Cink, Boston Scientific, Minneapolis, Minnesota