Trust-Based Communication Systems for Internet of Things Applications

4 iv. Smart RetailIoT technologies in retail offer the shopper an all-novel beginning. With the support of IoT apps, consumers will not have to wait in long lines as the transaction system can quickly read the product tags and subtract the total sum from electronic wallets. Smart Retail makes use of embedded systems which help in enhancing data-marts’ operations, sale hikes, fraud control measures, improvising shopper’s outlook, and management of inventory [15]. Physical distributors may compete more powerfully against online rivals through IoT. They will recover their lost market share and pull customers into the shop, allowing them to purchase more while saving cash.

5 v. WearablesThe most popular wearable instruments that have flooded the market are smart watches. Bluetooth, being the first of the IoT inventories, was initially used for exchanging messages between computers. With the help of IoT wearables, users can easily make calls, exchange messages, access social media platforms, and keep track of his/her health records. Like Fitbits, devices such as pacemakers and insulin pumps can also be synced with IoT for additional tracking. Wearables have hit the headlines for IoT applications, much like Smart Homes. Figure 1.7shows the wearables. Figure 1.7 Wearables.

6 vi. Connected CarAs shown in Figure 1.8, connected car technology is kind of a star topological network comprising of different nodes, antennas, embedded systems, and technologies. This helps in navigating our complex world through communications. It is responsible for making decisions with continuity, precision, and velocity [16].A Connected Car is a car with internet connectivity and a wireless LAN that is technology-driven. This technology provides the driver with different advantages, such as in-car infotainment, advanced mapping, fuel economy, and engineering support. Figure 1.8 Connected car.

7 vii. Digital HealthHealthcare IoT will make it easier for patients to enjoy engaging with their clinicians to increase patient involvement and satisfaction. It offers better medical care, from private exercise monitors to surgical robots. IoT is helping to revolutionize healthcare and offers pocket-friendly options for patients and healthcare professionals [17–19]. Figure 1.9shows connected healthcare enables real-time tracking with the aid of smart devices. Health information like blood pressures, oxylevel, sugar level content, weight of the patients, and reports of Electro Cardiograms can be collected and uploaded to the cloud and one-drives through smartphone applications and can later be reviewed by the concerned health official if necessary. During any emergency case, the patient can reach the doctor miles away through smartphone applications.

8 viii. Industrial ControlIoT helps to make well-ordered structures and architectures of systems that are important, logical, and scalable. The main objective is to generate cooperative communications and interactions from the input or output of the manufacturing sector, including actuators, robots, analyzers, etc., to improve flexibility and improve efficiency. Industrial automation has leveraged commercial technology in external areas using IoT [20]. Figure 1.9 Digital health.

9 ix. Smart FarmingFarmers would be able to decrease waste and increase production with the use of IoT. With the aid of censors, this device will allow soil and crop monitoring [21–23]. The farmers would also be able to track the conditions of the field from anywhere this is described in Figure 1.10. Figure 1.11shows the overall applications of IoT. Figure 1.10 Smart farming. Figure 1.11 IoT application areas in 2020.

Despite the fact that IoT is quickly developing, it actually faces security and protection issues the complete issue are described in Figure 1.12.

Security Risks

IoT devices are connected to our laptop or PC. Lack of security builds the danger of our own information leaking while the data is collected and transmitted to the IoT device.

IoT devices are connected with a consumer network. This network is also connected with different systems. So, if the IoT device contains any security vulnerabilities, it very well may be harmful to the consumer’s network [24–29].

Sometimes unapproved individuals may exploit security vulnerabilities to create risks to physical safety.

Figure 1.12 Security challenges of IoT.

Privacy Risks

In IoT, devices are interconnected with different hardware and software, so there are probabilities of sensitive information leaking.

All the devices are transmitting the user’s personal information such as name, address, date of birth, health card information, credit card details, and much more without encryption [30–33].

Despite the fact that there are security and protection worries with IoT, it adds esteems to our lives by permitting us to deal with our day by day routine tasks distantly and consequently and all the more critically, it is a distinct advantage for enterprises.

1 i) Data Integrity and Validation Approval in IoT: Messages ought to be unrestricted and seen by the intended.

2 ii) Security and Data Privacy: Behaviour of client while he was associated with IoT network is collected to guarantee that he was a routing user or another person [34–37].

3 (iii) Android Platform: Most of the mobile devices available today are Android platform based. Subsequently, an ever increasing number of smart devices and smart applications are created to interface with these devices.

This article discusses the role and increasing growth of IoT. Further, it talks about the various IoT enabled technologies and highlights several application areas of IoT. IoT is a technology that simplifies and continues to make life simpler. Via a widespread, regionally intelligent network of smart devices, IoT has the ability to expand and improve key services in transport, logistics, defense, utilities, education, healthcare, and other fields, while providing a new environment for application growth.

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