Karl Kraus: The Last Days of Mankind

LEO, Archduke (1893–1939), son of →Karl Stephan: 276.

LÉON, Viktor (Viktor Hirschfeld, 1858–1940), co-librettist of Johann Strauss’s Wiener Blut (1899), and →Franz Lehár’s Die lustige Witwe ( The Merry Widow , 1905); also contributed to Der gute Kamerad (1911; music by Emmerich Kálmán, libretto by E. K. and Viktor Léon), an operetta subsequently reworked as → I Gave Gold for Iron (1914): 59.

LEON GAMBETTA , French battle cruiser, sunk by U-boat captain Georg von Trapp in Straits of Otranto (27 April 1915): 142.

LEOPOLD I (d. 994), initiated Austrian Babenberg dynasty: 66.

LEOPOLD SALVATOR, Archduke (1863–1931), husband of →Blanka, colonel-general (1916), oversaw expansion and modernization of artillery: 251, 275.

LESSING, Gotthold Ephraim (1729–1781), leading author of the German Enlightenment, best known for his comedy → Minna von Barnhelm: 402.

“LET’S CRACK ANOTHER BOTTLE O’ WINE” (“Jetzt trink mr noch a Flascherl Wein”), aka “Holloderoh Marsch”, music and lyrics by Carl Lorens (1851–1909): 522, 531.

LEWALD, Emmi (1866–1946), novelist, quotation (“Three thousand dead Englishmen …”) from “Gedanken”, in Velhagen and Klasing’s Monatshefte (1915): 300.

LIHARZIK, Franz (1847–1915), section head of ministry of transport (railways), privy councillor: 232.

LINSINGEN, Alexander von (1850–1935), German general, significant victories on Eastern Front: 246.

LIPPAY, Berthold Dominik (Berthold Lipschitz, 1864–1920), genre and portrait painter: 43.

LIPPE, Prince Leopold of (1871–1949), ruled Lippe as Leopold IV (1905–18): 333f.

LISSAUER, Ernst (1882–1937), German writer, author of widely disseminated hymn of hate “Hassgesang gegen England”: 74f, 304, 402f.

LJUBICIC, Stephan (1855–1935), commander of Eleventh Army Corps in →Galicia (1914), responsible for arbitrary executions: 387.

LLOYD GEORGE, David (1863–1945), charismatic British politician, minister of munitions (1915) and prime minister (1916–22): 251, 288ff, 364f, 367, 502.

LOBKOWITZ, Prince Ferdinand (1850–1926), member of Bohemian nobility and Austrian Upper House: 42, 122.

LOKALANZEIGER , right-wing, high-circulation Berlin daily: 461.

LONELY HEARTS ( Der Heiratsonkel ), Berlin magazine: 435, 461.

“LONG LIVE HABSBURG MARCH” (“Hoch Habsburg”), music by Johann Nepomuk Kral (1839–1896) and text by C. E. Jaritz (b. 1842): 482.

LORZ (Lorx), Victor Lorx von Ruszkin (1873–1922), lieutenant-colonel, aide-de-camp to →Archduke Friedrich: 176.

LOVCEN, mountain above Bay of →Catarro in Montenegro, taken by Austrian militia (11 January 1916): 254, 257, 357f.

LÖWY, Siegfried (1857–1931), co-head with →Alice Schalek of official War Welfare organization, →Schwarzgelbe Kreuz (“Black-and-Yellow Cross”), editor of Österreichische Volkszeitung: 236.

“LOYAL AND UPRIGHT IS EVER MY COURSE” (“Üb immer Treu und Redlichkeit”), popular song, based on poem by Ludwig Christoph Heinrich Hölty (1748–1776), melody from Mozart’s The Magic Flute (Papageno’s aria, “Ein Mädchen oder Weibchen”): 138.

LUBLIN (Map F2), town in central Poland and scene of important battles in 1914: 101.

LUBOMIRSKA, probably Maria (1841–1922), m. Prince Jan Tadeusz Lubomirski (1826–1908); president of Anglo-American Society of Vienna: 236.

LUCAM, Wilhelm von (1820–1900), banker: 357.

LUDENDORFF, Erich (1865–1937), German quartermaster-general who shared with →Paul von Hindenburg command of the armed forces after 1916: 351ff, 415, 437, 521.

LUDWIG, Archduke Karl (1833–1896), brother of →Franz Joseph: 39.

LUDWIG SALVATOR, Archduke (1847–1915), published Die Balearen (7 vols., 1869–91), commemorative statue in Majorca: 486.

LUDWIG III (1845–1921), King of Bavaria (1913–18): 176f.

LUEGER, Karl (1844–1910), mayor of Vienna, co-founder of Christian Social Party, exploited prevalent anti-Semitism: 31.

LURION, café-cum-music-hall on the then somewhat disreputable “Spittelberg” in Siebensterngasse (Plan A4): 419.

LUSITANIA , British passenger ship sunk off the south coast of Ireland by a →U-boat (7 May 1915): 148, 193f, 355, 547.

LÜTGENDORF, Baron Kasimir von (1862–1958), general who ordered bayoneting of three medical orderlies for drunkenness in →Chabatz on 18 August 1914, for which he was sentenced to six months imprisonment by a Vienna War Crimes tribunal in June 1920; never put on trial for the massacre of 120 →Serbian civilians that took place at the same time (see chapter on “Der Fall Lütgendorf” in Anton Holzer, Das Lächeln der Henker ): 387ff.

LUTSK (Map G2), scene in Ukraine of catastrophic defeat of the Austro-Hungarian army (under →Archduke Joseph Ferdinand) in June 1916 at the start of the →Brusilov offensive, resulting in exceptionally heavy Austrian casualties: 354, 357f, 360, 365, 367f.

MACKENSEN, August von (1849–1945), Prussian field marshal, army chief in Poland, →Serbia, and →Romania: 129, 271.

MADE IN GERMANY, intended as stigma by British regulation of 1887, retained by Germans as sign of quality: 148, 158, 292, 297.

MADMAN Takes Control of Cab Horse (V, 8), an incident, described in Die Fackel (F 418–22, April 1916), which symbolized for Kraus the madness of militarism driving Austria to its destruction under an “apocalyptic horseman” (V, 54): 427f, 513.

MANIFESTO OF THE INTELLECTUALS OF GERMANY ( Aufruf an die Kulturwelt , October 1914), with 93 signatories, soon rising to 4,000 luminaries, in defence of Germany as a Kulturnation : 304, 329, 332.

MARIA ANNUNZIATA, Archduchess (1876–1961), half-sister of →Franz Ferdinand, abbess in Prague: 275, 321, 486.

MARIA FEODOROVNA (1847–1928), mother of Tsar Nicholas II, mother-in-law of →Alexandra Feodorovna: 360ff.

MARIA JOSEFA, Archduchess (1867–1944), mother of future →Emperor Karl, turned her palace into a military hospital and assisted with nursing: 252.

MARIA THERESA, Archduchess (1855–1944), wife of Karl Ludwig, elder brother of →Franz Joseph, stepmother and confidante of →Franz Ferdinand: 275.

MARIE VALERIE, Archduchess (1868–1924), youngest daughter of →Franz Joseph, m. →Franz Salvator (1890): 275.

MARISCHKA, Hubert Josef (1882–1959), popular actor and operetta tenor (star of → Der Sterngucker ), director of →Theater an der Wien (from 1916), librettist, film actor: 30, 484, 489ff.

MARNE, French river where initial German thrust through Belgium was halted in September 1914: 561.

MARS, Mela (1882–1919), cabaret singer and diseuse: 48.

MARTIUS, Karl (1879–1946), surgeon-general to German supreme command (1914–16): 406.

MASURIAN LAKES (“swamps”, Map F1), in East Prussia, where many Russian troops met their death while →Paul von Hindenburg became a national hero after Battle of →Tannenberg (August 1914): 170ff, 340, 355.

MAX, Archduke Maximilian Eugen Ludwig (1895–1952), major, brother of future →Emperor Karl: 253, 275, 481f, 487.

MEANS OF LIFE, ENDS OF LIFE (Lebensmittel, Lebenszweck), a play on →Immanuel Kant’s “categorical imperative” that one must treat all rational beings as ends, not as means; also implies that means of subsistence (Lebensmittel, foodstuffs) should not be the purpose of existence (Lebenszweck): 146f, 150, 151f, 157f, 160, 509, 585, 593.

MEDUSA , Italian submarine, sunk 10 June 1915: 142.

MERCHANTS, Werner Sombart’s Händler und Helden: Patriotische Besinnungen (1915) sets noble military heroes against morally debased merchants — a riposte against the claim that free trade replaces armed struggle in the evolutionary process: 151f, 292, 586.