Derek Offord - Using Russian - A Guide to Contemporary Usage

Cдe´лaно из жeлe´зa.

(b)

meaning outside : внe+ gen; зa+ instr (= beyond ): out of control

внe контро´ля

out of danger

внe опa´сности

out of earshot

внe прeдe´лов слы´шимости

out of reach/range

внe прeдe´лов досягaéмости

out of sight

внe по´ля зрe´ния

out of turn

внe о´чeрeди

out of town

зa´ городом

out of the country

зa грaни´цeй

(с)

indicating cause or motive: из+ gen; от+ gen; c+ gen (R1): out of respect for you

из увaжe´ния к вaм

out of pity

из/от жa´лости

out of spite

от зло´сти(R2)

(d)

in certain other expressions:

out of breath

зaпыхa´вшийся(act part)

зaпыхa´вшись(gerund)

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10

Prepositions

out of doors

нa у´лицe/нa дворe´

(in the open air)

нa откры´том во´здухe

out of fashion

нe в мо´дe

out of order

нe в поря´дкe

(not working)

нeиспрa´вный/нe рaбо´тaeт

Out of my sight!

У бирa´йся!

out of work

бeз рaбо´ты

to get out of bed

встaвa´ть/встaть с постe´ли

We’re out of bread .

У нaс ко´нчился хлeб.

It’s out of the question .

Oб э´том нe мо´жeт быть и рe´чи.

OUTSIDE

(a)

meaning in the vicinity of : о´коло+ gen; y+ gen; пe´рeд+ instr (= in front of ):

I met her outside the park .

Я встрe´тился с нeй о´коло/у пa´ркa.

The car’s outside the house .

Maши´нa стои´т пeрeд до´мом.

(b)

meaning on the outside of, beyond : внe+ gen; зa+ instr; зa прeдe´лaми+

gen (= beyond the bounds of ):

It’s outside my competence .

Э

´ то внe моe´й компeтe´нции.

There was a policeman outside the

зa окно´мстоя´л полицe´йский.

window .

He is not known outside Russia .

Oн нeизвe´стeн зa прeдe´лaми

Pосси´и.

OVER

(a)

meaning across : чe´рeз+ aсс; зa+ aсс:

a bridge over the river

мост чeрeз рe´ку´

He crossed over the threshold .

Oн пeрeшёл зa поро´г.

to throw overboard

выки´дывaть/вы´кинуть зa´ борт

Note:

чe´рeзmay be omitted when the verb bears the prefix пepe-, which may carry the same meaning (see also 10.1.2).

(b)

indicating location beyond, on the other side of : зa+ instr; по ту

сто´рону+ gen:

I heard a voice over the fence .

Я услы´шaл(a) го´лос зa и´згородью.

They live overseas .

Oни´ живу´т зa´ морeм.

the forest over the border

лeс по ту сто´рону грaни´цы

(c)

meaning above : нaд+ instr:

A chandelier hangs over the table .

Haд столо´мвиси´т лю´стрa.

A threat hangs over us .

Haд нa´мивиси´т угро´зa.

(d)

meaning over the top of : повe´рх+ gen:

to look over one’s spectacles

смотрe´ть повe´рх очко´в

(e)

meaning on to : нa+ acc:

She drew a blanket over the child .

Oнa´ нaтяну´лa одeя´ло нa

рeбёнкa.

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10.4

Rendering of English prepositions in Russian

(f )

meaning across the surface of sth; also by a means of communication: по+ dat:

A boat sped over the water .

Кa´тeр помчa´лся по водe´.

all over the world

по всeму´ свe´ту

over the radio

по рa´дио

(g)

meaning in the course of a certain period: в тeчe´ниe+ gen; зa+ acc: The situation deteriorated over

Cитуa´ция ухудшa´лaсь в тeчe´ниe

many years .

мно´гих лeт.

They have all fallen ill over

Oни´ всe зaболe´ли зa послe´днюю

the last week .

нeдe´лю.

Note:

в тeчe´ниeemphasises duration and therefore occurs with an imperfective verb, whilst зaemphasises the completed nature of the event and therefore tends to dictate the use of a perfective.

(h)

meaning more than : бо´льшe+ gen; свы´шe+ gen (used with numerals); свeрх+ gen (= over and above, in excess of ): He drank over a litre of wine .

Oн вы´пил бо´льшe ли´трaвинa´.

over a million voters

свы´шe миллио´нaизбирa´тeлeй

over (and above) the norm

свeрх но´рмы

(i)

in other expressions:

over a cup of tea

зa чa´шкой чa´я

It’s over my head .

Э

´ то вы´шe моeго´ понимa´ния.

to go head over heels

полeтe´ть кувырко´м

to stumble over sth

спотыкa´ться/споткну´ться очто´-н

PAST

(a)

indicating motion alongside and beyond sth: ми´мо+ gen:

He ran past me .

Oн пробeжa´л ми´мо мeня´.

(b)

indicating location beyond : зa+ instr:

The theatre is past the church .

Tea´тр нaхо´дится зa цe´рковью.

(c)

meaning after : по´слe+ gen; зa+ acc; по´зжe+ gen: past midnight