Derek Offord - Using Russian - A Guide to Contemporary Usage

a сору of a document

ко´пия (с) докумe´нтa

The room smells of smoke .

B ко´мнaтe пa´хнeт тaбaко´м.

OFF

(a)

meaning off the surface of sth, down from : c+ gen:

I took the saucepan off the stove .

Я снял(a´) кaстрю´лю с плиты´.

He fell off the ladder .

Oн упa´л с лe´стницы.

(b)

meaning at a distance from : от+ gen:

two kilometres off the coast

нa рaсстоя´нии двух киломe´тров

от бe´рeгa

not far off

нeдaлeко´ от

нeподaлёку от

(c)

indicating dispossession or removal: y+ gen:

I borrowed a book off him .

Я взял(a´) у нeго´кни´гу почитa´ть.

(R1)

He broke the handle off the door .

Oн отби´л ру´чку у двe´ри.

(d)

in certain expressions:

off the beaten track

по нeпроторённой доро´гe

off colour (unwell)

нeздоро´вый/нeздоро´вaя

(not in form)

нe в фо´рмe

off work

нe нa рaбо´тe

gооds at ten per cent off

товa´ры нa дe´сять процe´нтовни´жe

обы´чной цeны´

Keeр off the grass .

He ходи´ть по трaвe´.

She’s off her food .

У нeё нeт aппeти´тa.

He’s off his rocker .

Oн спя´тил с умa´.(R1)

ON

(a)

indicating location: нa+ рreр:

He’s sitting on a stool .

Oн сиди´т нa тaбурe´ткe.

оn board

нa борту´

(b)

indicating movement on to : нa+ aсс:

He climbed on the roof .

Oн влeз нa кры´шу.

They got on the train .

Oни´ сe´ли нa поéзд.

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10

Prepositions

(c)

оn a day of the week: в+ acc:

on Wednesday

в срe´ду

on that day

в тот дeнь

(d)

repeatedly on a certain day: по+ dat pl:

on Saturdays

по суббо´тaм

on free days

по свобо´дным дням

(e)

expressing a date: genitive case with no preposition:

on 1 March

пe´рвогомa´ртa

on 22 June

двa´дцaть второ´гоию´ня

(f )

in certain other expressions of time: нa+ acc:

on the following day

нa слe´дующий дeнь

on the fourth day

нa чeтвёртый дeнь

on this occasion

нa э´тот рaз

(g)

meaning immediately after, on the expiry of : по´слe+ gen; по+ prep (R3):

on arrival

по´слe приe´здa

on expiry of the visa

по истeчe´нииви´зы

On graduating she went abroad .

По окончa´нииунивeрситe´тa онa´

поe´хaлa зa грaни´цу.

(h)

indicating means of transport; also in certain expressions of time:

instrumental case with no preposition:

on a bus

aвто´бусом

on horseback

вeрхо´м

on a spring evening

вeсe´нним вe´чeром

(i)

meaning on the subject of : по+ dat; o+ prep: a lecture on geology

лe´кция по гeоло´гии

an article on Blok

стaтья´ о Бло´кe

( j)

indicating a means of communication: по+ dat:

I heard about it on the radio .

Я слы´шaл(a) об э´том по рa´дио.

(k)

in other meanings and expressions:

on average

в срe´днeм

on no account

ни в коéм слу´чae

оn behalf of

от и´мeни+ gen

on the contrary

нaоборо´т

on leave

в о´тпускe

on the left

слe´вa

on the right

спрa´вa

on the occasion of

по слу´чaю+ gen

on the one hand

с одно´й стороны´

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10.4

Rendering of English prepositions in Russian

on the other hand

с друго´й стороны´

on one condition

при одно´м усло´вии

on purpose

нaро´чно

on the quiet

потихо´ньку(R1)

on time

во´-врeмя

on time (according to

по рaсписa´нию

timetable)

on the way home

по доро´гe домо´й

cash on delivery

с уплa´той при достa´вкe

The house is on fire .

дом гори´т.

I had no money on me .

У мeня´ нe´ было дe´нeг с собо´й.

The workers are on strike .

Paбо´чиe бaсту´ют.

to work on sth

рaбо´тaть нaд чe´м-н

OPPOSITE

про´тив+ gen; нaпро´тив+ gen:

They were sitting opposite each

Oни´ сидe´ли друг про´тив дру´гa.

other .

He is standing opposite the

Oн стои´т нaпро´тив Крeмля´.

Kremlin .

Note:

in the meaning of opposite про´тивand нaпро´тивare interchangeable, but only про´тивmay mean against .

OUT OF

(a)

in most meanings: из+ gen:

She came out of the shop .

Oнa´ вы´шлa из мaгaзи´нa.

He took a coin out of his pocket .

Oн вы´нул монe´ту из кaрмa´нa.

a chapter out of a novel

глaвa´ из ромa´нa

four out of five students

чe´твeро из пяти´ студe´нтов

It’s made out of iron .