Владимир Аракин - Практический курс английского языка 2 курс. Ключи

UNIT FOUR
Ex. I, p. 120
Pattern 1:1. Our mother is hardly ever able to go to the theatre./Our mother hardly ever goes to the theatre. 2. Our students are hardly ever able to listen to native English speech. 3. She is hardly ever able to get herself a new dress. 4. They are hardly able to spend their holiday at the seaside. 5. He is hardly ever able to refuse helping his friends.
Pattern 3: 1. It will never do to stare at people. 2. The teacher said it would never do to hand in homework written carelessly./The teacher said that handing in work written carelessly would never do. 3. "I say, Turner, it will never do to treat your comrades/friends like that." 4. My mother said that it
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с) build — rebuild — 1. строить заново, восстанавливать; 2. перестраивать tell — retell — пересказывать
construct — reconstruct — 1. реконструировать, перестра­ивать; 2. восстанавливать, воссоздавать arm — rearm — перевооружать produce — reproduce — воспроизводить
Ex. VIII, p. Ш
Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police of London. For most people its name immediately brings to mind the picture of a detective — cool, collected, efficient, ready to track down any criminal.
Scotland Yard is situated on the Thames Embankment close to the Houses of Parliament and the familiar clock tower of Big Ben The name "Scotland Yard" originates from the plot of land adjoining Whitehall Palace where since about the 14th century the royalty and nobiUty of Scotland stayed when visiting the English Court. The popular nickname of the London policeman "bobby" is a tribute to Sir Robert Peel who introduced the police force in 1829 and whose Christian name attached itself to members of the force.
Ex. X, p. 112
1 In the very centre of the City opposite the Bank of England! is the statue of Wellington, the famous English general and! statesman of the 19th century. Under his command the Britisnl troops and their allies defeated Napoleons army at Waterloo inj 1815 .Waterloo Bridge, one of the most beautiful bridges across/J over the Thames was so named/named so in memory of thid victory 2. The Mall is a broad avenue, lined with trees/a broadd tree-lined avenue leading from Trafalgar Square to Buckingham! Palace, the Royal residence. Opposite the Palace (there) stands aj huge monument with a statue of Victory at its top. This moH nument was erected/set up in memory/in honour of Queen] Victoria whose sixty-four-year reign (1837-1901) was thd longest in history. 3. The Highgate Cemetery is famous for thd grave of Karl Marx who was buried there. In 1956 a monument) to Marx was erected/set up there funded/financed with thJ donations/contributions that had been sent by workers from all over the world.
would never do to let her do all the work alone. 5. It will never do to hurt animals. 6. "You have come unprepared again. It will never do," said the teacher./"Coming unprepared will never do," said the teacher.
Ex. H, p. 120
1. She worked very little during the term and we all told her that she might fail at her examination. 2. It was hardly possible to let the boy stay at home alone because we all knew that he might make trouble if he did. 3. She worked too hard and her friends were afraid that she might fall ill. 4. The mother thought the boy might become a great pianist, and so she made him practise day and night. 5. We wanted to go and see our sick friend, but the doctor didnt allow that saying that we might catch the disease.
Ex. Ill, p. 121
1. It is dangerous to keep the windows open during a thunderstorm. 2. She kept the door closed and didnt let anyone in. 3. Put the lemonade in the refrigerator to keep it cold. 4. The epidemic was at its height, and all the doctors of the town were kept busy. 5. Lput the tulips in the water to keep them fresh. 6. Keep your eyes open and your mouth shut. 7. This fur coat is sure to keep you warm in any frost. 8. What is the teacher to do to keep his pupils interested?
Ex. IV, p. 121
1. It will never do to hurt those who are younger than you. 2. We are hardly ever able to go to the country on our days off/at weekends. 3.1 told you that you might fall ill if you got your feet wet. 4. Keep the patient awake until the doctor comes. 5. It will never do to use the phone for silly jokes. 6. Keep the children busy and dont let them make noise while I am talking on the phone. 7. On such a hot day the windows should be kept open.
8. It will never do to smoke so much, you will ruin your health.
9. John wrote to his friend that he might visit him the following year.
Ex. I, p. 130
Л. 3. In reported speech one should say the mother, the father ur his (her, etc.) mother, father, depending on the context, e. g. Jane said that her father was a lawyer.
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But: "The story/The author says that at the end of the day there were tears in the mothers eyes." On the other hand if it is the members of one family who are talking, a brother can say to a sister, "Father says that Mother isnt going to cook dinner today."
В. 1. One can decorate
■ a Christmas tree;
■ a cake with icing;
■ streets with flags, coloured lamps, etc.;
■ room with flowers;
■ a dress with embroidery.
To trim is to decorate, especially round the edges. One can trim
■ a jacket with fur;
■ a building with marble;
■ a hat with flowers, ribbons, etc.;
■ a hem with lace;
■ a Christmas tree.
2. The preposition on is used before the names of days and the parts of day when they are used with descriptive attributes.
N.B. You can say both on that day (morning, etc.) and that day (morning, etc.), and on Saturday (Sunday, etc.) night and Saturday (Sunday, etc.) night.
Ex. Ill, p. 131
1. Отцу пришло в голову/Отца осенило, что взять маму на рыбалку будет даже лучше, чем повезти ее кататься на маши­не/чем прокатить ее на машине: ведь когда едешь на рыбал­ку, у тебя есть четкая цель, так что удовольствие становится еще больше. 2. Отец попросил не обращать на него внимания и сказал, что он может преотлично остаться дома и пусть нас не смущает тот факт, что у него уже три года как не было на­стоящего отпуска.
Ex. Va)— b),p. 131
1. Entered, offered, remembered, cleared, cheered, uttered
2. Occurred, referred, barred, starred, preferred, stirred We double the г in stressed last syllables of verbs whei
forming the Past Indefinite, the Past Participle and the Presenl Participle if г follows one vowel letter.
Unit Four , PAGE43
Ex. VIII a), p. 132
1. to get smb. to do smth.; 2. to get. smth. arranged; 3. to get over a disease; 4. to get up and down; 5. to look away; 6. to occur to smb.; 7. to turn up; 8. a treat; 9. in the end; 10. to be able to afford smth./to do smth./doing smth.; 11. to keep on doing smth.; 12. to keep smb. from doing smth.; 13. to keep smth. back;
14. to have fun, to have a (very) good/nice/great/excel lent time;
15. to care for smth.; 16. for a (little/short) while; 17. to hire a taxi; 18. to get messed up; 19. to make fun of smb.; 20. to make trouble.
Ex.X, p. 133
1. What a treat it is to listen to her singing! 2. After the concert the children were treated to tea and cakes. 3. Turn off the radio, this music is getting on my nerves. 4. I turned the corner and ran into my old friend. 5. Why turn everything upside down to find some trifle? 6. The boy was treated for measles, but it turned out that he had scarlet fever. 7. The girl liked to be treated like an adult/a grown-up. 8. She couldnt keep the boy from pranks. 9. We had a very good time on the beach. It was great fun. 10. It didnt occur to David that he was keeping everybody waiting. 11. Children should be taught to treat animals kindly. 12. Who would have thought that she would become a talented actress? 13. Ah, so thats how you keep your word! 14. "Your friend is so full of fun." — "Oh, is he?/Oh, really? You know/Just fancy, it has never occurred to me before." 15. It occurred many years ago. She must have forgotten all about it./ She must have already forgotten everything. 16. What fun it is to play this game! 17. Roberts schoolmates made fun of his green suit. 18. What a funny hat!
Ex. XII a), p. 133
1. Мы могли бы с тем же успехом потанцевать и сейчас. 2, Я бы предпочел взять такси. Я очень устал. 3. Недопусти­мо/Нельзя наказывать ребенка за то, чего он не совершал. 1. Если это в его силах, он никогда не заставляет себя ждать. 5. Мы должны помешать ему наломать дров/заварить кашу. (>. Возьми мои перчатки, в них твои руки не замерзнут. 7. Что толку украшать эту старую шляпку, все равно она не станет выглядеть лучше. 8. К девяти часам у нас уже все было готово для поездки. 9. Мы сумели сделать так, что она поверила на­
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шему рассказу. 10. Боюсь, что я весь день буду занята приго­товлениями к вечеринке. 11. Нельзя оставлять детей на ули­це после наступления темноты. 12. Если не хотите, чтобы вас оштрафовали, сохраняйте/не выбрасывайте билет до конца поездки.
Ex. XIV, р. 134
1. The dress is just wonderful. It is very becoming to you. 2.1 havent seen you for ages. How are you getting on? 3.1 liked the cake you treated me to. How do you make it? 4. Turn the page/ Turn over the page and do Exercise 3. 5. He turned out a very good story-teller. I enjoyed his stories immensely. 6. We shall discuss the matter on our way home. 7. Im sure youll get over all the difficulties in the end. 8. Pete didnt want to take his younger brother fishing, he was afraid that he would be in his way. 9. The students of Group 3 will help to decorate the hall with flowers and mottoes. 10. The father had promised to take the boys for a drive into the country on Sunday. But unfortunately the weather changed in the morning, and they had to stay (at) home. 11. Celia waved her hand to Lanny until the train was out of sight. 12. For such a big occasion all the children were dressed in their best. 13. When all the things were packed in a suit-case, it turned out that the ticket had somehow got there too, and I had to turn everything upside down in search of it. 14. The children were allowed to stay home from school as the mothers birthday was a great occasion for all the family.
Ex. XV, p. 135
1. Im so busy/I have so much work (to do)/Im so snowed under, that I just cant afford to waste/wasting (lose/losing) time. 2. Heres the hat I told you about. Im sure it will be very becoming to you/it will become you very much. 3.1 cant imagine how you will manage to get over/to cope with aU these difficulties. 4.1 couldnt afford such an expensive present./I couldnt afford tobuy/buyingsuch an expensive present. 5.1 hope we will be able to get to the underground/subway station before it is closed. 6.1 have got a letter from him today. He writes that he has a lot of work to do and he is hardly ever able even to treat himself to going to the cinema. 7. You are getting up and down, coming in and going out all the time. It will never do to work like that. 8. We
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are having a party tomorrow, and I want to dress in my (very) best for the occasion. 9. Something has dropped out of my handbag (US purse), probably a pen. 10. He must have got everything arranged for the departure/for leaving. 11. Who would have thought that he had said it in/for fun? 12. Cant you get the child to go to bed in time? 13. The whole family had a great time in the country although the heroine of the day had to stay at home and cook dinner. 14. This colour is very becoming to you/becomes you very much.
Ex. XVIII a), p. 135
Мне всегда казалось, что суть хорошего юмора в том, что­бы он не колол и не жалил/что главное в юморе — это его без­вредность и беззлобность. Я готов признать, что всем нам в какой-то мере свойственно то поистине бесовское/то сатанин­ское чувство юмора — оно же злорадство, — которым отлича­лись наши предки и от которого так же невозможно избавить­ся, как от первородного греха (то древнее, поистине бесовское чувство юмора, которым отличались наши предки, некая склонность радоваться чужим несчастьям, от которой так же невозможно избавиться, как от первородного греха). Вообще-то нам не должно быть смешно, когда человек — особенно если он толстый и важный — падает, поскользнувшись на банано­вой кожуре. Но мы тем не менее потешаемся. Когда кто-ни­будь катается по скованному льдом пруду, выписывая изящ­ные круги и красуясь перед толпой зевак, и вдруг — раз! — проваливается в воду, все собравшиеся начинают вопить от восторга. Наш далекий пращур-дикарь находил происшествие особенно забавным, если поскользнувшийся ломал себе шею, а провалившийся под лед тонул. Могу себе представить, как группа пещерных людей стоит вокруг полыньи и надрывает­ся от хохота. Если бы в те времена существовала такая вещь, как газета, то заметка об этом происшествии вышла бы под заголовком «Забавный случай. Неизвестный джентльмен про­валивается под лед и тонет».
Но под влиянием цивилизации наше чувство юмора при­тупилось и такие происшествия стали смешить нас меньше.
Ex. I, р. 144
a) breakfast { brekfast] porridge { pnnd3]
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cornflakes f к э: n f le i к s ]
bacon { beikan]
toast { \3ust] (uncountable)
fruit jelly { /ru:t азеП]
juice { d3u:s]
sufficient { safij(3)nt]
pudding { pudin]
stewed fruit { ,stju:d fruit] — компот substantial { sab stse nf( э)1 ] roast beef { ,rsusl bi:f] omelet(te) f omllt] sausages { so:sad30z] biscuit fbiskit] — печенье
b) eat — ate, eaten, eating
fry — fried, fried, frying — жарить (на сковороде) roast — roasted, roasted, roasting — жарить (на огне, в ду ховке и т. п.)
accompany — accompanied, accompanied, accompanying
fill — filled, filled, filling
bring — brought, brought, bringing
c) full meal — a big meal, a substantial meal plain food — simple food
a sociable time — a time of friendly intercourse/socializing a housekeeping budget — the amount of money set aside to
pay for food and other things needed in the home to go under various names — to be known under (many)
different names social standing — position in society
Ex. Ill a), p. 144
delicious (about food) — very tasty
layer-cake — a cake consisting of several layers of dough
separated by cream, jam, etc. oven { лу(з)п] — a closed box used for cooking napkin — a usually square piece of cloth or paper used for
protecting ones clothes and for cleaning ones hands and
lips during a meal a big eater — a person who eats a lot
done to a turn — perfectly cooked, cooked neither too much nor too little
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seconds — 1. the second course of a meal; 2. another serving of the same food after you have eaten your first serving
Ex. VI, p. 145
1. Take another helping of salad. 2. I think Ill trouble you for another cup of tea. 3. Will you please pass on the sugar? 4. She is going to make some fish soup for dinner. 5. Marmalade is made from orange peel. 6. The egg is eaten with a small spoon. 7. Their meal consisted of two courses. 8. What can you recommend for the first course? 9. The meat is done to a turn. 10. No sugar for me, thank you. 11. At midday people have their meals at home or at/in the canteen. 12. Custard is made of eggs and milk. 13. The fish is just to my liking. 14. The evening meal goes under/by various names in England. 15.1 dont take milk with my tea. 16. Help yourself to some pastry. 17. Broth is made by boiling chicken. 18. Will you please hand over the salt-cellar? 19. What do you usually order for dessert? 20. The way to refuse a dish is by saying "No, thank you." 21. You may ask for a second helping.
Ex. VII, p. 146
1. Cornflakes with milk were/Cornflakes and milk was served for breakfast. Then came fried bacon. 2. It is impossible to imagine an English breakfast without toast. It is spread with butter and jam./It is buttered and spread with jam. 3. Breakfast is often eaten in haste/hastily because everybody is in a hurry. 4. Lunch/Dinner usually consists of two courses. Meat (The meat dish/course) is served with a lot of vegetables. Then conies stewed fruit. 5. The so-called "high tea" is rather a substantial meal. 6. He never minds/He is never averse to having something substantial, as he puts it. 7. There is nothing like strawberries with cream. 8. "Is the beefsteak good?" — "I think its underdone." — "And I think its done to a turn." 9. "What would you like for the second course/for seconds?" — "Some fish dish as usual." 10. For me there is nothing like chips if they are brown and crisp, of course. 11. "How many lumps of sugar?" — "Thank you, I take my tea without sugar. A slice of lemon, please."
Ex. XIV, p. 148
1. "How many meals a day do you have?" the doctor asked. "Having regular meals is vital for ones/the health." 2. He ate a
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plateful of/a full plate of porridge though he had said that he wasnt hungry at all. 3. Today the menu includes meat dishes, stewed vegetables, a sweet pudding, various starters and even ice-cream with fruit for dessert./Today there are meat dishes, stewed vegetables, a sweet pudding, various starters and even ice-cream for dessert on the menu. 4. "How many lumps of sugar would you like?" — "Two will be enough." 5. "Would you like some more salad?" — "Thank you, Ive had enough/thats enough." 6. "Is the soup tasty?" — "I havent tasted it yet, its too hot." 7. Have you told your sister to fetch clean dishes? 8. "How do you like your tea: strong or weak?" — "Not very strong, please." 9. "What do we have for seconds/for the second course?" — "Fish and chips." 10. Dinner is served in the dining-room. 11. "Shall Ibutter your bread?" — "Yes, and put some jam on it/and spread it with jam too." 12. We had a light breakfast today and after a walk we are hungry. I wouldnt mind having something substantial. 13. He had a quick supper and got down to work. 14. She likes tinned/canned pineapples better than fresh ones. 15. In this house visitors/guests are always treated to an absolutely special apple-tart. It is delicious. 16. "Her husband likes to take half an hours nap after a hearty dinner to use his own words." — "Its bad for digestion. He had better walk half a mile or so." 17. "Have you laid the table yet?" — "No, I havent. I cant find a clean table-cloth.**
Ex. XVIII, p. 1Б2
а) Завтрак в доме Дженсенов мало чем отличался от завтра­ка в любом другом из тысяч и тысяч домов великого города. Уолтер Дженсен ел, читая газету, прислоненную к сахар­нице и графинчику для уксуса. Читал он мастерски/сноро­висто, не отрывая глаз от газетной страницы, даже когда подносил чашку кофе ко рту. Семилетний Поль Дженсен кушал горячую кашу, которую пришлось щедро сдобрить сахаром, чтобы он согласился к ней притронуться. Дочь Уолтера, пятилетняя Мирна Дженсен левой рукой чесала свою белокурую головку, а правой ела. Мирна тоже была мастерицей своего дела/У Мирны тоже имелась кое в чем сноровка: засунув ложку в рот, она умудрялась сделать так, что каша соскальзывала с нее по языку прямо внутрь, пос­ле чего вынимала ложку вверх ногами. Жена Уолтера, Элси Дженсен, на мгновение перестала жевать, чтобы пощупать
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языком коренной зуб, которому явно требовалось внимание дантиста.
Ь) Пока Анна готовилась к встрече с сорока шестью живы­ми, любознательными детьми, своим классом, ее квартирная хозяйка стряпала ужин для мужа и новой жилички.
Она уже прикрутила старую мясорубку к краю кухонного стола и теперь запихивала в нее кусочки довольно-таки жест­кой говядины, остатки того большого куска, который купила в мясной лавке еще в воскресенье. Мяса было явно маловато, но сей вызов нисколько не смутил миссис Флинн: напротив, ее прижимистый дух взыграл, и она тут же решила, что хоро­шей добавкой к начинке деревенского пирога, который она собиралась испечь, станут горбушка черного хлеба, крупная луковица и помидор.