Адам Алтер - Не оторваться. Почему наш мозг любит всё новое и так ли это хорошо в эпоху интернета

Многие идеи Кэш о значимости личного общения нашли отражение в книге: Thomas Lewis, Fari Amini, and Richard Lannon, A General Theory of Love (New York: Random House, 2001).

Об идеях Энди Доана и амблиопии: Andrew K. Przybylski, «Electronic Gaming and Psychosocial Adjustment», Pediatrics, 134, (2014): e716-e722; Colin Blakemore, and Grahame F. Cooper, «Development of the Brain Depends on the Visual Environment», Nature 228 (октябрь 1970): 477–78; Wilder Penfield and Lamar Roberts, Speech and Brain-Mechanisms (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1959).

Детали исследования можно найти на iKeepSafe website: ikeepsafe.org/be-a-pro/balance/too-much-time-online/.

Об эксперименте лета 2012 года: Yalda T. Uhls and others, «Five Days at Outdoor Education Camp Without Screens Improves Preteen Skills with Nonverbal Emotion Cues», Computers in Human Behavior 39 (октябрь 2014): 387–92; Sandra L. Hofferth, «Home Media and Children’s Achievement and Behavior», Child Development 81, no. 5 (сентябрь – октябрь 2010): 1598–1619; Internet World Stats: www.Internetworldstats.com/stats.htm; Victoria J. Rideout, Ulla G. Foehr, and Donald F. Roberts, Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds (Menlo Park: CA: Kaiser Family Foundation, 2010); Amanda Lenhart, Teens, Smartphones & Texting (Washingon, DC: Pew Research Center, 2010); Jay N. Giedd, «The Digital Revolution and Adolescent Brain Evolution», Journal of Adolescent Health 51, no. 2 (август 2012): 101–5; Stephen Nowicki and John Carton, «The Measurement of Emotional Intensity from Facial Expressions», Journal of Social Psychology 133, no. 5 (ноябрь 1993): 749–50; Stephen Nowicki, Manual for the Receptive Tests of the DANVA2. Примеры теста DANVA, в том числе тест для взрослых, см.: psychology.emory.edu/labs/interpersonal/Adult/danva.swf.

Работая над этой главой, я перечитал десятки статей о влиянии экранных гаджетов на детей. Авторы изучали, не только следует ли позволять детям работать с гаджетами, но и с какого возраста это возможно, каково допустимое время и как следует знакомить детей с этими устройствами: Claire Lerner and Rachel Barr, «Screen Sense: Setting the Record Straight», 2014, www.zerotothree.org/parenting-resources/screen-sense-settingthe-record-straight; см. Huffington Post, где в одной колонке экранные гаджеты осуждаются, а во второй это мнение оспаривается и уточняется: Cris Rowan, «10 Reasons Why Handheld Devices Should Be Banned for Children under 12», Huffington Post, 6 марта 2014, m.huffpost.com/us/entry/10-reasons-whyhandheld-devices-should-be-banned_b_4899218.html, David Kleeman, «10 Reasons Why We Need Research Literacy, Not Scare Columns», Huffington Post, 11 марта 2014, www.huffingtonpost.com/david-kleeman/10-reasons-why-we-need-re_b_4940987.html, Lisa Nielsen, «10 Points Where the Research Behind Banning Handheld Devices in Children Is Flawed», Huffington Post, 24 марта 2014, www.huffingtonpost.com/lisa-nielsen/10-reasons-why-the-resear_b_5004413.html?1395687657; UserExperiencesWorks, «A Magazine Is an iPad That Does Not Work», YouTube, 6 октября 2011, www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXV-yaFmQNk; American Academy of Pediatrics, «Media and Children», 2015, www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/pages/media-and-children.aspx; Lisa Guernsey, «Common-Sense, Science-Based Advice on Toddler Screen Time», Slate, 13 ноября 2014, www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2014/11/zero_to_three_issues_common_sense_advice_on_toddler_screen_time.html; Farhad Manjoo, «Go Ahead, a Little TV Won’t Hurt Him», Slate, 12 октября 2011, www.slate.com/articles/technology/technology/2011/10/how_much_tv_should_kids_watch_why_doctors_prohibitions_on_screen.html; Kaiser Foundation, «The Media Family: Electronic Media in the Lives of Infants, Toddlers, Preschoolers, and Their Parents», 2006, kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/7500.pdf; Erika Hoff, «How Social Contexts Support and Shape Language Development», Developmental Review 26, no. 1 (март 2006): 55–88; Nancy Darling and Laurence Steinberg, «Parenting Style As Context: An Integrative Model», Psychological Bulletin 113, no. 3 (1993): 487–96; Annie Bernier, Stephanie M. Carlson, and Natasha Whipple, «From External Regulation to Self-Regulation: Early Parenting Precursors of Young Children’s Executive Functioning», Child Development 81, no. 1 (январь 2010): 326–39; Susan H. Landry, Karen E. Smith, and Paul R. Swank, «The Importance of Parenting During Early Childhood for School-Age Development», Developmental Neuropsychology 24, nos. 2–3 (2003): 559–91; Sarah Roseberry, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, and Roberta M. Golinkoff, «Skype Me! Socially Contingent Interactions Help Toddlers Learn Language», Child Development 85, no. 3 (май – июнь 2014): 956–70; Angeline S. Lillard and Jennifer Peterson, «The Immediate Impact of Different Types of Television on Young Children’s Executive Function», Pediatrics 128, No. 4 (октябрь 2011): 644–49; N. Brito, R. Barr, P. McIntyre, and G. Simcock, «Long-Term Transfer of Learning from Books and Video During Toddlerhood», Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 111, no. 1 (январь 2012): 108–19; Rachel Barr and Harlene Hayne, «Developmental Changes in Imitation from Television During Infancy», Child Development 70, no. 5 (сентябрь-октябрь 1999): 1067–81; Jane E. Brody, «Screen Addiction Is Taking a Toll on Children», New York Times, 6 июля, 2015, well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/07/06/screen-addiction-is-taking-a-toll-on-children/; Conor Dougherty, «Addicted to Your Phone? There’s Help for That», New York Times, 11 июля 2015, www.nytimes.com/2015/07/12/sunday-review/addicted-to-your-phone-theres-help-for-that.html Alejandrina Cristia and Amanda Seidl, «Parental Reports on Touch Screen Use in Early Childhood», Plos One 10(6) (2015): e0128338, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128338; C. S. Green and D. Bavelier, «Exercising Your Brain: A Review of Human Brain Plasticity and Training-Induced Learning», Psychology and Aging 23, no. 4 (декабрь 2008): 692–701; Kathy Hirsh-Pasek and others, «Putting Education in Educational’ Apps: Lessons from the Science of Learning», Psychological Science in the Public Interest 16, no. 1 (2015): 3–34; Deborah L. Linebarger, Rachel Barr, Matthew A. Lapierre, and Jessica T. Piotrowski, «Associations Between Parenting, Media Use, Cumulative Risk, and Children’s Executive Functioning», Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 35, no. 6 (июль – август 2014): 367–77; Jessi Hempel, «How about a Social Media Sabbatical? Wired Readers Weigh In», Wired, 5 августа 2015, www.wired.com/2015/08/social-media-sabbatical-wired-readers-weigh/; «‘Digital Amnesia’ Leaves Us Vulnerable, Survey Suggests», CBC News, 8 октября 2015, www.cbc.ca/news/technology/digital-amnesia-kaspersky-1.3262600 (ссылка находится в статье).

David Denby, «Do Teens Read Seriously Anymore?», New Yorker, 23 февраля, 2016, www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/books-smell-like-old-people-the-decline-of-teen-reading.