Deborah Rudacille - The Riddle of Gender

Critics have noted that Michael Fleming, Carol Steinmen, and Gene Bock-neck, “Methodological Problems in Assessing Sex-Reassignment Surgery: A Reply to Meyer and Reter,” originally published in Archives of Sexual Behavior 9 (1980): 451-56, available online at http://wwwsymposion xom/ijt/ijtco40i.htm

There are far too many fags and TVs Patricia Morgan (as told to Paul Hoffman), The Man-Made Doll (Seacaucus, N.J.: Lyle Stuart, Inc., 1972), 112—13.

In an article published in the Western Journal of Medicine, May 1974, Dr. Norman Fisk of the Stanford Gender Identity Clinic describes the physical and emotional effects of “chop shop” surgery:All too often we see rather pathetic examples of patients who have acted impulsively or injudiciously and have sought surgical sex conversion by means which they consider to be most expedient. It is well known that this particular group of patients are extremely vulnerable to easy exploitation by charlatans and quacks. The tragic results are seen in persons who have had inadequate surgical operations and are not able to perform sexually either with ease or, in some instances, at all. These people represent a rather disparate and intensely frustrated and desperate group who require, when possible, expert surgical revision of procedures previously poorly done. Ofttimes the flagrant exploitation of these patients also includes participation in illicit markets for sex steroids, silicone injections and rather poorly performed ancillary surgical cosmetic procedures. It is for these reasons that it is critically important for reputable and responsible physicians to recognize the medical legitimacy of gender disorders and, where possible, to attempt either to successfully treat such patients or to refer them to those who can.

Norman Fiske, “Gender Dysphoria Syndrome—the Conceptualization That Liberalizes Indications for Total Gender Reorientation and Implies a Broadly Based Multi-Dimensional Rehabilitative Regimen,” Western Journal of Medicine 120 (May 1974): 386—91. 130 Back in those days, they used to say Author interview with Beyer.

Hopkins’s cachet with transsexual people Author’s personal communication, Jessica Xavier, June 25, 2002.

In June ic/c/j , Milton Diamondand Keith Sigmundson Milton Diamond and H. K. Sigmundson, “Sex Reassignment at Birth: Long-Term Review and Clinical Implications,” Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 151 (March 1997): 298-304.

Diamond had participated in animal experiments Milton Diamond and W. C. Young, “Differential Responsiveness of Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Guinea Pigs to the Masculinizing Action of Testosterone Propionate,” Endocrinology 72 (1959): 429—38. See also M. Diamond, “Androgen-Induced Masculinization in the Ovariectomized and Hysterectomized Guinea Pig,” Anatomical Record 157 (1963): 47—52; M. Diamond, “Genetic-Endocrine Interaction and Human Psychosexuality,” in M. Diamond, ed., Perspectives in Reproduction and Sexual Behavior (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1968), 417-44. For a complete list of Diamond’s publications, go to http://www.hawaii.edu/PCSS/bibliography/bib1960.html.

lots of older literature that clued us in See Diamond’s review, “A Critical Evaluation of the Ontogeny of Human Sexual Behavior,” Quarterly Review of Biology 40 (1965): 147—75.

Subsequent experiments by the researcher Roger Gorski and colleagues R. A. Gorski, J. H. Gordon, J. E. Shryne, and A. M. Southam, “Evidence for a Morphological Sex Difference within the Medial Preoptic Area of the Rat Brain,” Brain Research 148 (1978): 333—46; M. Hines, L. S. Allen, and R. A.

Gorski, “Sex Differences in the Subregions of the Medical Nucleus of the Amygdala and the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis of the Rat,” Brain Research 579 (1992): 321—26; L. S. Allen, M. Hines, J. E. Shryne, and R. A. Gorski, “Two Sexually Dimorphic Cell Groups in the Human Brain,” Journal of Neuroscience 9 (1989): 497—506.

In Transsexualism and Sex Reassignment Money, “Psychological Aspects of Transsexualism,” in Green and Money, Transsexualism and Sex Reassignment, 112.

In postmodern socialconstructionist theory Money, Gendermaps, 136.

the studies earned out by Simon Le Fay L. S. Allen, M. Hines, J. E. Shryne, and R. A. Gorski, “Two Sexually Dimorphic Cell Groups in the Human Brain,” Journal of Neuroscience 9 (1989): 497—506; W. C. Chung, G. J. De-Vries, and D. F. Swaab, “Sexual Differentiation of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis in Humans May Extend into Adulthood,” Journal of Neuroscience 22 (2002): 1027—33; J. M. Goldstein, L. H. Seidelman, N. J. Hor-ton, et al., “Normal Sexual Dimorphism of the Adult Human Brain Assessed by in Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging,” Cerebral Cortex 11 (2001): 490-97; J. N. Zhou, M. A. Hoffman, L. J. Gooren, D. F. Swaab, “A Sex Difference in the Human Brain and Its Relation to Transsexuality,” Nature 378, no. 6552 (November 1995): 68-70 (available online at http://www.symposium.com/ijt/ijtco106.htm); Frank P. M. Kruijver, Jiang-Ning Zhou, Chris W. Pool, Michel A. Hoffman, Louis J. G. Gooren, and Dick F Swaab, “Male-to-Female Transsexuals Have Female Neuron Numbers in a Limbic Nucleus,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 85, no. 5 (2000) 2034—41.

Of course, the very idea that the brain is sexed See, for example, “Sexing the Brain” in Anne Fausto-Sterling, Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality (New York: Basic Books, 2000).

Like it or not, we are living in a sexual revolution John Money and Patricia Tucker, Sexual Signatures: On Being a Man or a Woman (Boston, Toronto: Little, Brown and Company, 1975).

We were led out of the bar Sylvia Rivera, “I’m Glad I Was in the Stonewall Riot,” in Feinberg, Trans Liberation, 106—7.

Yet the backlash itself The persistence of violent homophobia among cultural conservatives in the United States is given chilling expression in this e-mail received by the writer Andrew Sullivan two days after the 2004 presidential election:I wonder if you noticed that yesterday all eleven states that considered the question of gay marriage voted to ban it. ALL ELEVEN. I think this sends a very clear message—true Americans do not like your kind of homosexual deviants in our country, and we will not tolerate your radical pro-gay agenda trying to force our children to adopt your homosexual lifestyle. You should be EXTREMELY GRATEFUL that we even let you write a very public and influential blog, instead of suppressing your treasonous views (as I would prefer). But I’m sure someone like yourself would consider me just an “extremist” that you don’t need to worry about. Well you are wrong—I’m not just an extremist, I am a real American, and you should be worried because eleven states yesterday proved that there are millions more just like me who will not let you impose your radical agenda on our country. (Downloaded from http://www.andrewsullivan.com on November 4, 2004.)

Some came from the homophile movement See Karla Jay, Tales of the Lavender Menace: A Memoir of Liberation (New York: Basic Books, 1999), 77. 153 Hopeful (but not certain) that something was going to happen Ibid., 80. 153 young, white and unemployed Ibid., 78.

Sylvia Rivera, a Latina street queen Ibid., 79.

I had never met a real drag queen before Ibid., 80.

The general membership is fiightened of Sylvia Martin Duberman, Stonewall (New York: Plume, 1984), 235-36.