Alexander Vlaskin - Artificial Intelligence Glossarium - 1000 terms

Computational linguistics (Компьютерная лингвистика) –An interdisciplinary field concerned with the statistical or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective, as well as the study of appropriate computational approaches to linguistic questions.

Computational mathematics (Вычислительная математика) —is the mathematical research in areas of science where computing plays an essential role.

Computational neuroscience (Also theoretical neuroscience or mathematical neuroscience) ( Вычислительная нейробиология) – is a branch of neuroscience which employs mathematical models, theoretical analysis and abstractions of the brain to understand the principles that govern the development, structure, physiology, and cognitive abilities of the nervous system.

Computational number theory (Also algorithmic number theory) ( Вычислительная теория чисел) – The study of computational methods for researching and solving problems in number theory and arithmetic geometry, including algorithms for checking primality and numerical factorization, finding solutions to Diophantine equations, and explicit methods in arithmetic geometry. Computational number theory has applications to cryptography, including RSA, elliptic curve cryptography, and post-quantum cryptography, and is used to investigate the hypothesis and open problem of number theory, including the Riemann hypothesis, the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer hypothesis, the ABC hypothesis, the modularity hypothesis, the Sato- Tate and explicit aspects of the Langlands program.

Computational problem (Вычислительная задача) –In theoretical computer science, a computational problem is a mathematical object representing a collection of questions that computers might be able to solve [ 118 118 Computational problem [Электронный ресурс] //cs.stackexchange.com URL: https://cs.stackexchange.com/questions/47757/computational-problem-definition (дата обращения 12.03.2022) ].

Computational statistics (Also statistical computing) (Вычислительная статистика) –Computational science is the application of computer science and software engineering principles to solving scientific problems. It involves the use of computing hardware, networking, algorithms, programming, databases and other domain-specific knowledge to design simulations of physical phenomena to run on computers. Computational science crosses disciplines and can even involve the humanities.

Computer engineering (Компьютерный инжиниринг) – technologies for digital modeling and design of objects and production processes throughout the life cycle.

Computer incident (Компьютерный инцидент)is a fact of violation and (or) cessation of the operation of a critical information infrastructure object, a telecommunication network used to organize the interaction of such objects, and (or) a violation of the security of information processed by such an object, including as a result of a computer attack.

Computer science (Информатика) –The theory, experimentation, and engineering that form the basis for the design and use of computers. It involves the study of algorithms that process, store, and communicate digital information. A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computational systems. Computer science is the study of computation, automation, and information. Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, and information theory) to practical disciplines (including the design and implementation of hardware and software). Computer science is generally considered an area of academic research and distinct from computer programming [ 119 119 Computer science [Электронный ресурс] //view.officeapps.live.com URL: https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.unn.ru%2Fstudents%2Fsrc%2FZibtceva4.doc&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK (дата обращения: 07.07.2022) ].

Computer simulation (Компьютерное моделирование)is the process of mathematical modelling, performed on a computer, which is designed to predict the behaviour of, or the outcome of, a real-world or physical system. The reliability of some mathematical models can be determined by comparing their results to the real-world outcomes they aim to predict. Computer simulations have become a useful tool for the mathematical modeling of many natural systems in physics (computational physics), astrophysics, climatology, chemistry, biology and manufacturing, as well as human systems in economics, psychology, social science, health care and engineering [ 120 120 Computer simulation. [Электронный ресурс] //en.wikipedia.org. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_simulation (дата обращения: 07.07.2022) ].

Computer vision (Компьютерное зрение)is scientific discipline, field of technology and the direction of artificial intelligence (AI), which deals with computer processing, recognition, analysis and classification of dynamic images of reality. It is widely used in video surveillance systems, in robotics and in modern industry to improve product quality and production efficiency, comply with legal requirements, etc. In computer vision, the following areas are distinguished: face recognition (face recognition), image recognition (image recognition), augmented reality (augmented reality (AR) and optical character recognition (OCR). Synonyms – artificial vision, machine vision

Computer vision processing (CVP, Обработка компьютерного зрения)is the processing of images (signals) in a computer vision system, in computer vision systems – about algorithms (computer vision processing algorithms), processors (computer vision processing unit, CVPU), convolutional neural networks (convolutional neural network), which are used for image processing and implementation of visual functions in robotics, real-time systems, smart video surveillance systems, etc.

Computer-Aided Detection/Diagnosis (CAD) (Компьютерная диагностика) – Computer-aided detection (CAD), or computer-aided diagnosis (CADx), uses computer programs to assist radiologists in the interpretation of medical images. CAD systems process digital images for typical appearances and highlight suspicious regions in order to support a decision taken by a professional.

Computer-automated design (CAutoD) (Компьютерно-автоматизированное проектирование) –Design automation usually refers to electronic design automation, or Design Automation which is a Product Configurator. Extending Computer-Aided Design (CAD), automated design and computer-automated designare concerned with a broader range of applications, such as automotive engineering, civil engineering, composite material design, control engineering, dynamic system identification and optimization, financial systems, industrial equipment, mechatronic systems, steel construction, structural optimisation, and the invention of novel systems. More recently, traditional CAD simulation is seen to be transformed to CAutoD by biologically inspired machine learning, including heuristic search techniques such as evolutionary computation, and swarm intelligence algorithms.

Computing modules (Вычислительные модули)are plug-in specialized computers designed to solve narrowly focused tasks, such as accelerating the work of artificial neural networks algorithms, computer vision, voice recognition, machine learning and other artificial intelligence methods, built on the basis of a neural processor – a specialized class of microprocessors and coprocessors (processor, memory, data transfer).