Мередит Бруссард - Искусственный интеллект [Пределы возможного] [litres]

Hillis, “Radioactive Skeleton in Marvin Minsky’s Closet.”

Alba, “Chicago Uber Driver Charged with Sexual Abuse of Passenger”; Fowler, “Reflecting on One Very, Very Strange Year at Uber”; Isaac, “How Uber Deceives the Authorities Worldwide.”

Copeland, “Summing Up Alan Turing.”

“The Leibniz Step Reckoner and Curta Calculators – CHM Revolution.”

Kroeger, The Suffragents; Shetterly, Hidden Figures; Grier, When Computers Were Human.

Wolfram, “Farewell, Marvin Minsky (1927–2016).”

Alcor Life Extension Foundation, “Official Alcor Statement Concerning Marvin Minsky.”

Brand, “We Are As Gods.”

Turner, From Counterculture to Cyberculture.

Brand, “We Are As Gods.”

Hafner, The Well.

От названия сабреддита r/TheRedPill, посвященного «правам мужчин». – Прим. науч. ред.

Borsook, Cyberselfish, 15.

Barlow, “A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace.”

Thiel, “The Education of a Libertarian.”

Taplin, Move Fast and Break Things.

Slovic, The Perception of Risk; Slovic and Slovic, Numbers and Nerves; Kahan et al., “Culture and Identity-Protective Cognition.”

Leslie et al., “Expectations of Brilliance Underlie Gender Distributions across Academic Disciplines,” 262.

Bench et al., “Gender Gaps in Overestimation of Math Performance,” 158. Also См. Feltman, “Men (on the Internet) Don’t Believe Sexism Is a Problem in Science, Even When They См. Evidence”; Williams, “The 5 Biases Pushing Women Out of STEM”; Turban, Freeman, and Waber, “A Study Used Sensors to Show That Men and Women Are Treated Differently at Work”; Moss-Racusin, Molenda, and Cramer, “Can Evidence Impact Attitudes?”; Cohoon, Wu, and Chao, “Sexism: Toxic to Women’s Persistence in CSE Doctoral Programs.”

Natanson, “A Sort of Everyday Struggle.”

См. https://xkcd.com/1425, and note that the hidden text on the online version of the comic refers to a famous anecdote about Marvin Minsky.

Solon, “Roomba Creator Responds to Reports of ‘Poopocalypse.’”

И то и другое на английском именуется cells. – Прим. ред .

Busch, “A Dozen Ways to Get Lost in Translation”; van Dalen, “The Algorithms behind the Headlines”; ACM Computing Curricula Task Force, Computer Science Curricula 2013.

IEEE Spectrum, “Tech Luminaries Address Singularity.”

Gomes, “Facebook AI Director Yann LeCun on His Quest to Unleash Deep Learning and Make Machines Smarter.”

Пример актуален для США. – Прим. ред.

“machine, n.”

Butterfield and Ngondi, A Dictionary of Computer Science.

Pedregosa et al., “Scikit-Learn: Machine Learning in Python.”

Mitchell, “The Discipline of Machine Learning.”

Neville-Neil, “The Chess Player Who Couldn’t Pass the Salt.”

Russell and Norvig, Artificial Intelligence.

О’Нил К. Убийственные большие данные. – М.: АСТ, 2018.

O’Neil, Weapons of Math Destruction.

Grazian, Mix It Up.

Blow, Fire Shut Up in My Bones.

Tversky and Kahneman, “Availability.” См. also Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow; Slovic, The Perception of Risk; Slovic and Slovic, Numbers and Nerves; Fischhoff and Kadvany, Risk.

См. https://www.datacamp.comfor more on the Titanic data science tutorial. I’ve omitted some parts of the tutorial for readability.

Quach, “Facebook Pulls Plug on Language-Inventing Chatbots?”

Angwin et al. “A World Apart.”

Valentino-DeVries, Singer-Vine, and Soltani, “Websites Vary Prices, Deals Based on Users’ Information.”

Hannak et al., “Measuring Price Discrimination and Steering on E-Commerce Web Sites.”

Heffernan, “Amazon’s Prime Suspect.”

Angwin, Mattu, and Larson, “Test Prep Is More Expensive – for Asian Students.”

Brewster and Lynn, “Black-White Earnings Gap among Restaurant Servers.”

Sharkey, “The Destructive Legacy of Housing Segregation.”

Pasquale, The Black Box Society.

Lord, A Night to Remember; Brown, “Chronology – Sinking of S. S. TITANIC.”

Halevy, Norvig, and Pereira, “The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Data,” 8.

“Robot Car ‘Stanley’ designed by Stanford Racing Team.”

“Karel the Robot.”

Pomerleau, “ALVINN, an Autonomous Land Vehicle in a Neural Network”; Hawkins, “Meet ALVINN, the Self-Driving Car from 1989.”

Mundy, “Why Is Silicon Valley So Awful to Women?”

Oremus, “Terrifyingly Convenient.”

DARPA Public Affairs, “Toward Machines That Improve with Experience.”

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and US Department of Transportation, “Federal Automated Vehicles Policy.”

См.: Yoshida, “Nvidia Outpaces Intel in Robo-Car Race.” Yoshida may be referring to a different standards document, in which Level 2 is equivalent to the Level 3 quoted here. Again: language and standards matter a great deal in engineering.

Liu et al., “CAAD: Computer Architecture for Autonomous Driving”; Thrun, “Making Cars Drive Themselves”; Thrun, “Winning the DARPA Grand Challenge.”

Скетч можно найти на YouTube, набрав в поиске More Cowbell – SNL. – Прим. ред.

См.: Singh, “Critical Reasons for Crashes Investigated in the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey.” Если вам интересна тема, обратите внимание на работы Best, Damned Lies and Statistics. Статистика – это один из способов интерпретации социальных проблем, и нередко она помогает выявить проблемы. Так, например, Mothers Against Drunk Driving при помощи статистики способствовали трансформации норм относительно вождения в нетрезвом виде. Сегодня большинство согласно с тем, что не стоит садиться нетрезвыми за руль. Однако утверждение, что люди, в отличие от машин, не должны водить, – это совсем другая истории.