Ivan Goldman - Sick Justice - Inside the American Gulag

9. Paul Pierson and Jacob S. Hacker, Winner-Take-All Politics: How Washington Made the Rich Richer—and Turned Its Back on the Middle Class (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011).

10. Joseph Dillon Davey, The New Social Contract: America’s Journey from Welfare State to Police State (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1995).

11. Wilkinson and Pickett, Spirit Level .

12. Dillon, New Social Contract .

13. See Partnership for Civil Justice Fund, “FBI Documents Reveal Secret Nationwide Occupy Monitoring,” JusticeOnline.org , December 22, 2012, http://www.justiceonline.org/commentary/fbi-files-ows.html. This report extracted the information on the government campaign against Occupy Wall Street by demanding answers through the Freedom of Information Act.

14. Jason DeParle, Robert Gebeloff, and Sabrina Tavernise, “Older, Suburban and Struggling, ‘Near Poor’ Startle the Census,” New York Times , November 18, 2011.

15. “Goldman Sachs 2009 Pay Up as Profit Soars,” MSNBC.com, January 21, 2010, http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34972351/ns/business-earnings/#.UUDXsFdT0ww.

16. Pew Charitable Trusts, Economic Mobility Project, http://www.pewstates.org/projects/economic-mobility-project-328061.

17. See Sanders’s official Senate website.

18. Right on Crime, “Statement of Principles,” 2010, http://www.rightoncrime.com/the-conservative-case-for-reform/statement-of-principles/.

1. Taylor’s case has received only sporadic coverage by larger media but is detailed in FAMM, “Michelle Taylor—Nevada,” Faces of FAMM: State Profiles , accessed March 22, 2013, http://www.famm.org/profilesofinjustice/StateProfiles/MichelleTaylorNevada.aspx.

2. “Does the Punishment Fit the Crime?” KOLO8 News, April 15, 2010, http://www.kolotv.com/home/headlines/90976314.html; and FAMM, “Michelle Taylor.

3. Howard Copelan, “Life Sentence for Molester Was Cruel and Unusual? Taylor’s Sentencing Video Reposted,” Coyote TV, February 1, 2013, http://www.coyote-tv.com/2013/02/01/life-sentence-for-molester-was-cruel-and-unusual/.

4. “Does the Punishment Fit the Crime?”

5. “Wisconsin Sex Offender Archive Record for Anne M. Knopf,” Sex Offender Archives, accessed March 22, 2013, http://www.sorarchives.com/citydirectory/WI/Ellsworth/Anne_M_Knopf_627379.

6. Jake, “ The 50 Most Infamous Female Teacher Sex Scandals : #4 Pamela Rogers Turner,” Zimbio, May 26, 2009, http://www.zimbio.com/The+50+Most+Infamous+Female+Teacher+Sex+Scandals/articles/zTQENnMYVVc/4+Pamela+Rogers+Turner.

7. FAMM, “What the Experts Say,” About Sentencing , accessed March 22, 2013, http://www.famm.org/aboutsentencing/WhattheExpertsSay.aspx.

8. “No Fetuses in Food: Oklahoma Lawmaker Explains Intent behind Bill,” Los Angeles Times , January 26, 2012.

9. Jessica Silver-Greenberg, “Welcome to Debtors’ Prison, 2011 Edition,” Wall Street Journal , March 17, 2011.

10. Ibid.

11. Chris Serres and Glenn Howatt, “In Jail for Being in Debt,” Minneapolis Star Tribune , March 17, 2011.

12. “The New Debtors’ Prisons,” New York Times , April 5, 2009.

13. ACLU, In for a Penny: The Rise of America’s New Debtors’ Prisons (New York, October 2010), http://www.aclu.org/files/assets/InForAPenny_web.pdf.

14. Rebekah Diller, Alicia Bannon, and Mitali Nagrecha, Criminal Justice Debt: A Barrier to Reentry (New York: Brennan Center for Justice, 2010), http://www.brennancenter.org/publication/criminal-justice-debt-barrier-reentry.

15. Phil Willon, “Riverside County to Make Inmates Pay Jail Costs,” Los Angeles Times , November 20, 2011.

16. Ibid.

1. The ex-convict who told me this story preferred to remain anonymous. So did the ex-convict who related his cellmate’s nightmare.

2. Jesus Chavez, interviews with the author, 2000. Chavez’s life story was told in Adam Pitluk, Standing Eight: The Inspiring Story of Jesus “El Matador” Chavez, Who Became Lightweight Champion of the World (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2006).

3. The Los Angeles Times has written many stories about the horrors of Baca’s jails that describe many of these incidents. Some were described to me by people on the scene. A good place to start is Robert Faturechi and Jack Leonard, “L.A. County Sheriff’s Deputy Alleges Colleague Pointed Gun at Him,” Los Angeles Times , February 15, 2012.

4. See Sarah Liebowitz, Peter Eliasberg, Margaret Winter, and Esther Lim, Cruel and Unusual Punishment: How a Savage Gang of Deputies Controls L.A. County Jails (New York: ACLU National Prison Project, ACLU of Southern California, September 2011), http://www.nlg-npap.org/reports/cruel-and-usual-punishment-how-savage-gang-deputies-controls-la-county-jails.

5. Ibid.

6. Ibid.

7. “Sheriff Baca Reopens Cases of Alleged Inmate Abuse by Deputies,” Los Angeles Times , October 9, 2011.

8. Heather C. West, William J. Sabol, and Sarah J. Greenman, “Prisoners in 2009,” Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin , December 2010, http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/p09.pdf.

9. Editorial, New York Times , October 1, 2008.

10. Lisa Guenther, “The Living Death of Solitary Confinement,” New York Times , August 26, 2012.

11. Ruth Marcus, “The Cruelest Punishment,” Washington Post , October 16, 2012.

12. “Solitary-Confinement Inmates Threaten New Hunger Strike,” Los Angeles Times , December 21, 2012.

13. Colin Dayan has written extensively on this topic. See his “Barbarous Confinement,” New York Times , July 17, 2011; and The Law Is a White Dog: How Legal Rituals Make and Unmake Persons (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011).

14. Allen J. Beck, Paige M. Harrison, Marcus Berzofsky, Rachel Caspar, and Christopher Krebs, Sexual Victimization in Prisons and Jails Reported by Inmates, 2008–09 (Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, August 2010), http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/svpjri0809.pdf.

15. Human Rights Watch, “Rape Crisis in U.S. Prisons,” April 19, 2001, http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2001/04/18/rape-crisis-us-prisons.

16. Unless otherwise cited, quotations and stories in the following sections are from Human Rights Watch, No Escape: Male Rape in U.S. Prisons (New York, 2001).

17. Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago (New York: Harper & Row, 1974).

1. See E. Fuller Torrey et al., More Mentally Ill Persons Are in Jails and Prisons than Hospitals: A Survey of the States (Arlington, VA: Treatment Advocacy Center, May 2010), http://www.treatmentadvocacycenter.org/storage/documents/final_jails_v_hospitals_study.pdf.

2. See Debbie Dawn Ramsey, “Evolution of Mental Health Organizations in the United States,” Journal of Global Health Care Systems 1, no. 3 (2011).

3. National Coalition for the Homeless, “Mental Illness and Homelessness,” Fact Sheet No. 5, June 2006.

4. The death and its aftermath were covered in detail in a series of articles in the Orange County Register and Los Angeles Times . See “Grand Jury: Third Fullerton Officer Beat Kelly Thomas,” Los Angeles Times , October 11, 2012.

5. Rothmiller interviews.

6. Treatment Advocacy Center, “Criminalization of Individuals with Severe Psychiatric Disorders,” briefing paper, April 2007, http://www.treatmentadvocacycenter.org/storage/documents/criminalization_of_individuals_with_severe_psychiatric_disorders.pdf.