Рэнди Эпштейн - Возбуждённые - таинственная история эндокринологии. Властные гормоны, которые контролируют всю нашу жизнь (и даже больше)

9. Доктор Питер Радж, электронное письмо автору, 4 октября 2017 года. См. также P. Rudge et al., “Iatrogenic CJD Due to Pituitary-Derived Growth Hormone with Genetically Determined Incubation Times of up to 40 Years,” Brain 138, no. 11 (2015): 3386–3399.

10. Emily Green, “A Wonder Drug That Carried the Seeds of Death,” Los Angeles Times , May 21, 2000.

11. О французских судебных исках было написано несколько статей. См. Angelique Chrisafi s, “French Doctors on Trial for CJD Deaths after Hormone ‘Misuse,’” Guardian , February 6, 2008; Barbara Casassus, “INSERM Doubts Criminality in Growth Hormone Case,” Science 307, no. 5716 (2005): 1711, и “Acquittals in CJD Trial Divide French Scientists,” Science 323, no. 5913 (2009): 446; Pierre-Antoine Souchard and Verena Von Derschau, “6 Acquitted in French Trial over Hormone Deaths,” Associated Press, in San Diego Union-Tribune , January 14, 2009.

Мэри Джейн Минкин, клинический профессор акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктивных услуг Йельского университета, предоставила профессиональную инфор ма цию на тему менопаузы. Я также брала интервью у многих исследователей и клиницистов, в том числе у доктора Лилы Нахтигаль, профессора акушерства и гинекологии Нью-Йоркского университета; доктора Хью Тейлора, главы факультета акушерства и гинекологии Йельского университета; доктора Нанетты Санторо, профессора акушерства и гинекологии Медицинской школы Университета Колорадо; и Синди Пирсон, исполнительного директора Women’s Health Network . Несколько женщин, переживавших менопаузу, согласились открыто рассказать о своих симп томах; среди них была одна – всего одна, – которая сказала, что никогда не чувствовала себя так хорошо, как во время менопаузы.

1. Charles B. Hammond et al., Menopause: Evaluation, Treatment, and Health Concerns – Proceedings of a National Institutes of Health Symposium Held in Bethesda, Maryland , April 21–22, 1988 (New York: Alan R. Liss, 1989).

2. Helen E. Fisher, “Mighty Menopause,” New York Times , October 21, 1992.

3. F. Kronenberg, “Menopausal Hot Flashes: A Review of Physiology and Biosociocultural Perspective on Methods of Assessment,” Journal of Nutrition 140, no. 7 (2010): 1380s–1385s.

4. Elizabeth Siegel Watkins, The Estrogen Elixir: A History of Hormone Replacement Therapy in America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 2007).

5. Там же, 244; Nancy Krieger et al., “Hormone Replacement Therapy, Cancer, Controversies, and Women’s Health: Historical, Epidemiological, Biological, Clinical, and Advocacy Perspectives,” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 59, no. 9 (2005): 740–748; A. Heyman et al., “Alzheimer’s Disease: A Study of Epidemiological Aspects,” Annals of Neurology 15, no. 4 (1984): 335–341; M. X. Tang et al., “Effect of Oestrogen During Menopause on Risk and Age at Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease,” Lancet 348, no. 9025 (1996): 429–432.

6. Margaret Morganroth Gullette, “What, Menopause Again?” Ms , July 1993, 34; Nancy Fugate Woods, “Menopause: Models, Medicine, and Midlife,” Frontiers 19, no. 1 (1998): 5–19.

7. Доктор Роберт Фридман, интервью автора; Robert R. Freedman, “Biochemical, Metabolic, and Vascular Mechanisms in Menopausal Hot Flashes,” Fertility and Sterility 70, no. 2 (1998): 332–337, and “Menopausal Hot Flashes: Mechanisms, Endocrinology, Treatment,” Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 142 (2014): 115–120. См. также Denise Grady, “Hot Flashes: Exploring the Mystery of Women’s Thermal Chaos,” New York Times , September 5, 2002.

8. Kronenberg, “Menopausal Hot Flashes.”

9. Лорен Брент, интервью автора; Lauren Brent et al., “Ecological Knowledge, Leadership, and the Evolution of Menopause in Killer Whales,” editorial comment, Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey 70, no. 11 (2015): 701–702.

10. Наоми Рэнс, интервью автора; Naomi E. Rance et al., “Modulation of Body Temperature and LH Secretion by Hypothalamic KNDy (kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin) Neurons: A Novel Hypothesis on the Mechanism of Hot Flushes,” Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 34, no. 3 (2013): 211–227; N. E. Rance et al., “Postmenopausal Hypertrophy of Neurons Expressing the Estrogen Receptor Gene in the Human Hypothalamus,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 71, no. 1 (1990): 79–85.

11. N. E. Rance and W. S. Young III, “Hypertrophy and Increased Gene Expression of Neurons Containing Neurokinin-B and Substance-P Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in the Hypothalami of Postmenopausal Women,” Endocrinology 128, no. 5 (1991): 2239–2247. Обзор исследований Рэнс см. в статье Ty William Abel and Naomi Ellen Rance, “Stereologic Study of the Hypothalamic Infundibular Nucleus in Young and Older Women,” Journal of Comparative Neurology 424, no. 4 (2000): 679–688.

12. Channa Jayasena, “Neurokinin B Administration Induces Hot Flushes in Women,” Scientifi c Reports 5, no. 8466 (2015).

13. Julia K. Prague et al., “Neurokinin 3 Receptor Antagonism as a Novel Treatment for Menopausal Hot Flushes: A Phase 2, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial,” Lancet 389, no. 10081 (May 2017): 1809–1820. Articles on the potential new nonhormone drug include Megan Cully, “Neurokinin 3 Receptor Antagonist Revival Heats Up with Astellas Acquisition,” Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 16, no. 6 (2017): 377.

14. Heyman et al., “Alzheimer’s Disease”; V. W. Henderson et al., “Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Older Women: Comparisons Between Alzheimer’s Disease Cases and Nondemented Control Subjects,” Archives of Neurology 51, no. 9 (1994): 896–900; Tang et al., “Effect of Oestrogen.”

15. Randall S. Stafford et al., “The Declining Impact of Race and Insurance Status on Hormone Replacement Therapy,” Menopause 5, no. 3 (1998): 140–144; Watkins, The Estrogen Elixir .

16. Kate M. Brett and Jennifer H. Madans, “Differences in Use of Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy by Black and White Women,” Menopause 4, no. 2 (1997): 66–76.

17. Stafford et al., “The Declining Impact of Race and Insurance Status.”

18. Krieger et al., “Hormone Replacement Therapy, Cancer, Controversies, and Women’s Health.”

19. Robert Wilson, Feminine Forever (New York: Pocket Books, 1968), 52.

20. Krieger et al., “Hormone Replacement Therapy, Cancer, Controversies, and Women’s Health”; Judith Houck, Hot and Bothered: Women, Medicine, and Menopause in Modern America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006).