Керри Болтон - Stalin - The Enduring Legacy

Ibid.

Ibid.

R Conquest, Stalin and the Kirov Murder (London; 1989).

N S Khrushchev, “Secret Address at the Twentieth Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union,” February 1956; Henry M Christman (ed.) Communism in Action: a documentary history (New York: Bantam Books, 1969), 176-177.

‘Letter of an Old Bolshevik: The Key to the Moscow Trials’, New York, 1937.

Anna Larina Bukharina, Nezabyvaemoe (Moscow, 1989); This I Cannot Forget (London, 1993), 276.

A Resis (ed.) Molotov Remembers (Chicago: Ivan R Dee, 1993), 353.

A Yakovlev, ‘O dekabr’skoi tragedii 1934’, Pravda, 28th January, 1991, 3, ‘The Politics of Repression Revisited’, in J Arch Getty and Roberta T Manning (editors), Stalinist Terror: New Perspectives (New York, 1993), 46.

J Arch Getty, Origins of the Great Purges: The Soviet Communist Party Reconsidered: 1933-1938 (Cambridge; 1985), 48.

Vadim Rogovin, 1937: Stalin’s Year of Terror (Mehring Books, 1988), 64.

R Conquest, The Great Terror: Stalin’s Purge of the Thirties (London, 1973), 86.

J Arch Getty, op. cit., 209.

The Crime of the Zinoviev Opposition (Moscow, 1935), 33-41.

Report of Court Proceedings: The Case of the Trotskyite-Zinovievite Terrorist Centre (Moscow, 1936), 41-42.

Vadim Rogovin, ‘Stalin’s Great Terror: Origins and Consequences’, lecture, University of Melbourne, May 28, 1996. World Socialist Website: http://www.wsws.org/exhibits/1937/lecture1.htm

Ibid.

Ibid.

http://www.wsws.org/exhibits/1937/title.htm

American President Woodrow Wilson’s principal adviser and confidante.

Henry Wickham Steed, Through Thirty Years 1892-1922 A personal narrative, ‘The Peace Conference, The Bullitt Mission’, Vol. II. (New York: Doubleday Page and Co., 1924), 301.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Samuel Gompers, ‘Soviet Bribe Fund Here Says Gompers, Has Proof That Offers Have Been Made, He Declares, Opposing Recognition. Propaganda Drive. Charges Strong Group of Bankers With Readiness to Accept Lenin’s Betrayal of Russia’, The New York Times, 1 May 1922.

Richard B Spence, ‘Hidden Agendas: Spies, Lies and Intrigue Surrounding Trotsky’s American Visit, January-April 1917’, Revolutionary Russia, Volume 21, Issue 1 June 2008, 33–55.

Ibid.

It is more accurate to state that Trotsky managed to straddle both the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks until the impending success of the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Military Intelligence Division, 9140-6073, Memorandum # 2, 23 August 1918, 2. Cited by Spence, op. cit.

Spence, ibid.

Wiseman became a partner in 1929.

‘Sir William’s New Bank’, Time, October 17 1955.

The foregoing on Trotsky’s associations from Spain to New York and his transit back to Russia are indebted to Spence, op. cit.

Edward M. House, ed. Charles Seymour, The Intimate Papers of Col. House (New York: Houghton, Mifflin Co.), Vol. III, 421.

Peter Grosse, Continuing The Inquiry: The Council on Foreign Relations from 1921 to 1996, (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 2006), ‘Basic Assumptions’. The entire book can be read online at: http://www.cfr.org/about/history/cfr/index.html

Armand Hammer, Witness to History (London: Coronet Books, 1988), 221.

Ibid., 160.

Ibid., 221.

David North, ‘Leon Trotsky and the Fate of Socialism in the 20th Century’, opening lecture to the International Summer School on ‘Marxism and the Fundamental Problems of the 20th Century’, organised by the International Committee of the Fourth International and the Socialist Equality Party of Australia, Sydney, Australia, January 3 1998. David North is the national secretary of the Socialist Equality Party in the USA, and has lectured extensively in Europe, Asia, the US and Russia on Marxism and the program of the Fourth International. http://www.wsws.org/exhibits/trotsky/trlect.htm(accessed 12 March 2010).

Albert E Kahn and Michael Sayers, The Great Conspiracy Against Russia, (London: Collet’s Holdings Ltd., 1946).

Antony Sutton, op. cit., 39-42.

Kahn and Sayers, op. cit. 29.

‘Calls People War Weary, But Leo Trotsky Says They Do Tot Want Separate Peace’, The New York Times, 16 March 1917.

The real purpose of the American Red Cross Mission in Russia was to examine how commercial relations could be established with the fledgling Bolshevik regime, as indicated by the fact that there were more business representatives in the Mission than there were medical personnel. See: Dr Anton Sutton, Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution (New York: Arlington House Publishers, 1974), 71-88. K R Bolton, Revolution from Above (London: Arktos Media Ltd., 2011) 63-64.

‘Gives Bolsheviki a Million’, Washington Post, 2 February 1918, cited by Sutton, op. cit., 82-83.

The New York Times, 27 January 1918, op. cit.

Kahn and Sayers, op. cit., 29.

R H Bruce Lockhart, British Agent (London: G P Putnam’s Sons, 1933), Book Four, ‘History From the Inside’, Chapter I.

Antony Sutton, op. cit., 84, 86.

R H Bruce Lockhart, op. cit.

Ibid., Chapter III.

Ibid.

Ibid. Lockhart observed that while the German peace terms received 112 votes from the Central Executive Committee of the Bolshevik Party, there had been 86 against, and 25 abstentions, among the latter of whom was Trotsky.

Ibid., Chapter IV.

That at least was the perception of Stalinists of Trotsky’s depiction by the West, as portrayed by Kahn and Sayers, op. cit., 194.

Kahn and Sayers cite a number of Lenin’s statements regarding Trotsky, dating from 1911, when Lenin stated that Trotsky slides from one faction to another and back again, but ultimately ‘I must declare that Trotsky represents his own faction only…’ Ibid., 195.

Ibid., 199.

Leon Trotsky, Leon Sedov: Son-Friend-Fighter, 1938, cited by Kahn and Sayers, 205.