Керри Болтон: Stalin: The Enduring Legacy

Ibid., 231.

Ibid., 221.

Ibid., 27-28.

Tunku Varadarajan, ‘A Brief Encounter, Melvin Lasky is a legend. Better yet, he dislikes Maureen Dowd’, The Wall Street Journal, 6 April , 2001, http://www.opinionjournal.com/taste/?id=90000394

Saunders, op. cit., 71.

‘Franz Borkenau’, Spartacus Educational, http://74.125.155.132/search?q=cache:m2miYnAvig0J; www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPborkenau.htm

Saunders, ibid., 71.

Russell was a patron of the CCF. Saunders, op. cit., 91. He like other Leftists and internationalists regarded Stalinist Russia as the chief obstacle to world government after World War II, to the extent that the famous ‘pacific’ guru advocated the atomic bombing the USSR. Russell, ‘The Atomic Bomb and the Prevention of War’, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 1 October, 1946).

CIA website: ‘Cultural Cold War: Origins of the Congress for Cultural Freedom, 1949-50’; op. cit.

F Chernov, ‘Bourgeois Cosmopolitanism and its reactionary role’, Bolshevik: Theoretical and Political Magazine of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) ACP(B), Issue #5, 15 March 1949, 30-41.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party, 10 February 1948.

Actually, the art of Fascist Italy embraced Futurism and other modernist trends, existing side-by-side with a revival of Roman Classicism, and Italy was in this respect more tolerant of artistic innovations than Stalinist Russia. On ‘Futurism’ in Italy see: K R Bolton, Artists of the Right, ‘Marinetti’ (San Francisco: Counter-Currents Publishing, 2012). 32-52

F Chernov, op. cit.

Ibid.

Karl Marx, ‘Proletarians and Communists’, The Communist Manifesto (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1975), 71-72.

Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels, ‘Speech on the question of free trade delivered to the Democratic Association of Brussels at it public meeting of January 9, 1848’, Collected Works, Volume 6 (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1976).

F Chernov, op. cit.

F Chernov, op. cit.

Ibid.

Ibid.

See: Chapter V, ‘Origins of the Cold War’.

F Chernov, op. cit.

Saunders, op. cit., 257.

Ibid., 263.

Research Reports from the Rockefeller Archive Center, Spring, 1997.

Saunders, op. cit., 257.

Ibid., 258.

Ibid., 257.

Saunder, op. cit., 260.

Ibid., 261.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid., 262. Luce’s Life magazine featured Jackson Pollock in its August 1949 issue, giving Pollock household fame. Saunders, ibid., 267.

Ibid., 263.

Ibid., 267.

Russell Lynes, Good Old Modern Art: An Intimidate Portrait of the Museum of Modern Art (New York: Atheneum, 1973), cited by Saunders, op. cit., 267.

The National Endowment for Democracy was established in 1983 by Act of US Congress, at the prompting of Tom Kahn, an adherent of the Shachtmanite wing of US Trotskyism; which has supported US foreign policy since the Cold War.

Schwartz was a supporter of the Trotskyist Fomento Obrero Revolucionario during the 1930s. Like possibly most Trotskyists of note he ended up as a ‘neo-conservative’ (which is neither ‘new’ nor ‘conservative’), and writes as a columnist for National Review; a phenomenon that would not have surprised Stalin. Schwartz affirmed that, ‘To my last breath I will defend Trotsky… The Shachtmanites, in the 1960s, joined the AFL-CIO in its best Cold War period, and many became staunch Reaganites’. Stephen Schwartz, ‘Trotskycons?,’ National Review, 11 June 2003: http://faceoff.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-schwartz061103.asp

Chernov, op. cit.

Peters was assigned to the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, where he was responsible for future warfare. Prior to becoming a Foreign Area Officer for Eurasia, he served exclusively at the tactical level. He is a graduate of the US Army Command and General Staff College. Over the past several years, his professional and personal research took Peters to Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Ossetia, Abkhazia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Pakistan, Turkey, Burma, Laos, Thailand, and Mexico, as well as the countries of the Andean Ridge. He has published widely on military and international concerns. Peters retired in 1998 with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, and continues to write widely as a novelist, essayist and is a frequent media commentator. Peters’ primary area of expertise appears to be Eurasia and the former Soviet bloc states, those states that are particularly targeted by the ‘colour revolutions’ instigated by the National Endowment for Democracy, and others.

Ralph Peters, ‘Constant Conflict’, Parameters, Summer 1997, 4-14. http://www.usamhi.army.mil/USAWC/Parameters/97summer/peters.htm

Ibid.

K R Bolton, Revolution from Above, op. cit., ‘Huxley’s Brave New World’, 48-54.

R Peters, op. cit.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ledeen is a leading member of the US foreign policy Establishment. He has been a consultant to the US National Security Council, State Department and Defense Department, and served as special adviser to US Secretary of State Alexander Haig in 1981, after having worked as an adviser for Italian Military Intelligence. He is a contributing editor to National Review , and a media commentator. Having been a scholar with the American Enterprise Institute, Ledeen currently works with the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, which aims for ‘regime change’ in states not in accord with globalism.

Michael Ledeen, ‘Creative Destruction: How to wage a revolutionary war’, National Review online, 20 September 2001. http://old.nationalreview.com/contributors/ledeen092001.shtml

One of Trotsky’s publishers was Secker & Warburg, London, which published the Dewey Commission’s report, The Case of Leon Trotsky, in 1937. The proprietor, Fredric Warburg, became head of the British section of the Congress for Cultural Freedom. (Frances Stonor Saunders,op. cit., 111).