Herbert Tiedemann - Babi Yar - Critical Questions and Comments

[21] H. W. Lawrence, "50,000 Kyiv Jews Reported Killed", New York Times, Nov. 29, 1943, p. 3.

[22] J. Patek, op. cit. (note 13), p. 9.

[23] The Black Book, Nexus Press, New York 1946 (repub. 1981), p. 360. The Literature Commission of the Soviet Anti-Fascist Committees, chaired by Ilya Ehrenburg, brought various eyewitness accounts into circulation between 1944 and 1980. These statements were incorporated into various "Black Books" published in the Soviet Union, Romania and Israel. For example, Gutman, op. cit. (note 5, v. 1, p. 135), refers to The Black Book of Soviet Jewry, New York 1981, by Ehrenburg and Grossmann.

[24] For a more detailed critique of all event reports referring to Babi Yar, cf. U. Walendy, op. cit. (note 1), pp. 22-32.

[25] U. Walendy, ibid., p. 30.

[26] E. R. Wiehn, op. cit. (note 7), p. 20.

[27] The Black Book, Nexus Press, New York 1946, p. 361.

[28] E. R. Wiehn, op. cit. (note 7), pp. 252f.

[29] I. Ehrenburg, W. Grossmann (eds.), The Black Book, Holocaust Library, New York 1980, p. 7; cf. J. Patek, op. cit. (note 13) as well as E. R. Wiehn, op. cit. (note 7), p. 147

[30] Cf. E.R. Wiehn, ibid.

[31] W. N. Sanning, The Dissolution of Eastern European Jewry, Institute for Historical Review, Torrance, California 1983; German ed.: Die Auflösung des osteuropäischen Judentums, Grabert, Tübingen 1983, ch. 2 and 4.

[32] I. Ehrenburg, W. Grossmann (eds.), op. cit. (note 29), pp. 3, 8.

[33] E.R. Wiehn, op. cit. (note 7), p. 148.

[34] I. Ehrenburg, W. Grossmann (eds.), op. cit. (note 29), pp. 8f.

[35] Ibid., pp. 9f.

[36] E.R. Wiehn, op. cit. (note 7), p. 149.

[37] Ibid., p. 146.

[38] "At Babi Yar Trial only Four Spectators", by Philip Shabecoff reporting from Darmstadt, The New York Times, Feb. 14, 1968, p. 11.

[39] A. V. Kuznetsov, Babi Yar, Farrar Straus and Giroux, New York 1970, p. 109.

[40] E.R. Wiehn, op. cit. (note 7), p. 175ff.; cf. also P. Longerich (ed.), Die Ermordung der europäischen Juden. Eine umfassende Dokumentation des Holocaust 1941-1945, Piper, Munich 1989, pp. 124-127.

[41] E. Klee, W. Dreßen, V. Rieß (eds.), "Schöne Zeiten", Judenmord aus der Sicht der Täter und Gaffer, S. Fischer, Frankfurt/Main 1988, pp. 66ff.

[42] E.R. Wiehn, op. cit. (note 7), p. 161.

[43] E. Klee et al., op. cit. (note 41), p. 67.

[44] G. Reitlinger, The Final Solution, A. S. Barnes & Co. Inc., New York 1961, p. 263; German ed.: Die Endlösung, Colloquium, Berlin 1992.

[45] A. Rückerl, NS-Verbrechen vor Gericht, Versuch einer Vergangenheitsbewältigung, C. F. Müller, Heidelberg 1984, pp. 43ff.

[46] A. Rückerl (ed.), NS-Prozesse nach 25 Jahren Strafverfolgung: Möglichkeiten - Grenzen - Ergebnisse, C. F. Müller, Karlsruhe 1972, pp. 86f.

[47] In: Verbrecherische Ziele - verbrecherische Mittel!, Verlag für fremdsprachige Literatur, Moscow 1963, pp. 177f.

[48] E. R. Wiehn, op. cit. (note 7), p. 82.

[49] Ibid., p. 138.

[50] "German Doctor Admits Killing 21,000 Himself", The New York Herald Tribune, May 1, 1945; this article does not mention Babi Yar specifically.

[51] "Murder of 140,000 Upheld by Germany", The New York Times, May 1, 1945.

[52] "Kyiv Lists More Victims, Letter to Stalin Says 100,000 Were Massacred by Nazis", telegram from Moscow to the New York Times, The New York Times, Dec. 4, 1943.

[53] N. S. Khrushchev, in Erhabener Ideengehalt und künstlerische Meisterschaft - Die große Kraft sowjetischer Literatur und Kunst, Moscow, March 8, 1963, p. 207; also Pravda of March 8, 1963.

[54] Institute of Jewish Affairs (ed.), Hitler's Ten Year War, New York 1943, p. 186.

[55] Encyclopedia Judaica, op. cit. (note 4), v. 11, p. 57.

[56] R. Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews, Holmes & Meier, New York 1973, p. 192; 1st ed.: Quadrangle Books, Chicago 1961; 2nd ed. 1967; later ed.: Holmes & Meier, New York 1985.

[57] G. Reitlinger, op. cit. (note 44), pp. 227, 237.

[58] Encyclopaedia Judaica, op. cit. (note 4), v. 10, p. 994; Encyclopedia of Ukraine, University of Toronto Press, Toronto 1988, v. 1, p. 154.

[59] E. R. Wiehn, op. cit. (note 7), p. 133.

[60] Ibid., p. 137.

[61] Encyclopedia of Ukraine, University of Toronto Press, Toronto 1988, v. 1, p. 154.

[62] Cf. introductory information and General Jodl, in op. cit. (note 2).

[63] U. Walendy, op. cit. (note 1), pp. 29, 37.

[64] J.-F. Steiner, Treblinka, la révolte d'un camp d'extermination, Fayard, Paris 1966, pp. 17ff.; German ed.: Treblinka, die Revolte eines Vernichtungslagers, Stalling, Oldenburg 1966, pp. 338f.

[65] Regarding Schindler's List cf. the contribution of Udo Walendy in this volume.

[66] G. Knopp, Der verdammte Krieg - Unternehmen Barbarossa, Bertelsmann, Munich 1991, p. 132.

[67] W. Benz (ed.), Legenden, Lügen, Vorurteile... Ein Lexikon zur Zeitgeschichte, dtv, Munich 1990, p. 44.

[68] Document USSR-9, Extraordinary State Commission on the Atrocities Perpetrated by the German Fascists in City of Kyiv, para. 5, col. 1, IMT v. VII, p. 556.

[69] Amtliches Material zum Massenmord von Winniza, Franz. Eher Nachf., Berlin 1944.

[70] N. F. Petrenko, N. T. Gorbacheva, eyewitness testimony, Document USSR-9, IMT v. VII, 1948, p. 541.

[71] See also A. Rückerl, op. cit. (note 46), pp. 86f.

[72] C. Clarke, Eichmann - The Man and His Crimes, Ballantine Books, New York 1960, p. 62.

[73] L. Yahil, The Holocaust, Oxford University Press, New York 1990, p. 257; first pub. in Israel.

[74] Wien, op. cit. (note 7), p. 137.

[75] Ibid., p. 143.

[76] Ibid., p. 167.

[77] Ibid., p. 195.

[78] Zentrales Staatliches Archiv der Oktoberrevolution, Verzeichnis, 65th ed. Chr. 5., Moscow.

[79] Wien, op. cit. (note 7), p. 477.

[80] Deutsch-russisches Wörterbuch, Sowjetische Enzyklopädie, Moscow 1971, p. 577.

[81] Ukrainian television, Kyiv, Oct. 6, 1991.

[82] V. Posner, H. Keyssar, Remembering War: a US-Soviet Dialogue, Oxford University Press, New York 1990, p. 206.

[83] V. Korotych, Lecture in Toronto, Canada, at the Canadian Institute of Internal Affairs, April 23, 1990.

[84] R. Grenier, "Infectious Nationalism", The Washington Times (from New York), September 5, 1991, p. G4.

[85] Cf. E.R. Wiehn, op. cit. (note 7), pp. 114f.

[86] D. Humenna, Kreshchaty Yar, Association of Ukrainian Authors and Journalists, New York 1956, p. 195.

[87] Bolschaja Sowjetskaja Enzyklopedia, Moscow 1950, v. 4, p. 1.

[88] Bolschaja Sowjetskaja Enzyklopedia, Moscow 1970, v. 2, p. 501.

[89] Encyclopedia of Ukraine, Shevchenko Scientific Society, Paris / New York 1955, v. II, pp. 5-33.

[90] Ukrainian National Association (ed.), Ukraine, a Concise Encyclopedia, University of Toronto Press, Toronto 1971, v. II, p. 1271.

[91] Grand Larousse Encyclopédique, Librairie Larousse, Paris / New York 1960, v. 1, p. 817.

[92] Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, Wiesbaden 1967, v. 2 and supp. v. 22.

[93] Enciclopedia Europea, Garzanti, Rome 1976, v. 1, p. 934.

[94] Enciclopedia Universal Nautea, Ediciones Nauta, Madrid 1977, p. 192.

[95] Encyclopaedia Britannica, Encycl. Brit. Inc., Chicago, editions from 1945 to 1984.

[96] Academic American Encyclopedia, Grolier Inc., Danburry 1991, v. 3, p. 7.

[97] Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, Mannheim 1987, v. 2, p. 446.

[98] Meyers Enzyklopädisches Lexikon, Bibliographisches Institut Mannheim, Mannheim 1971, v. 3, p. 274.

[99] J. G. Burg, Schuld und Schicksal, Schütz, Preußisch Oldendorf 1990, p. 50.

[100] Johannes Heer, Klaus Naumann (ed.), Verbrechen der Wehrmacht 1941-1944, Hamburger Edition, Hamburg 1995.

[101] Letter of the Hessische Staatsarchiv of April 15, 1997, to the author.

[102] Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, op. cit. (note 92), 1970, v. 9, p. 516.