Matthew Brzezinski - Red Moon Rising

Medaris, Jessie, 163

Medaris, John Bruce, 224

ABMA satellite and Jupiter C programs kept alive by, 129, 134, 161–68, 178, 186–87, 218–20

background of, 45–47, 51, 162–63

Explorer launch and, 248–50, 253–56, 258–59, 261, 263–67

heads ABMA and resists spending cuts, 46–48, 50–52, 54–55, 79–83

later career and death of, 276–77

Meet the Press (TV show), 132, 242

Meisenheimer, John, 264

Mexico, 200

MiG-19 and MiG-21 jets, 124, 130

Mikoyan, Anastas, 207, 209

military-industrial complex, 276

military spending

U.S. 50, 52, 57–59, 79, 170, 174, 219, 223–24, 226–27, 274–76

USSR, 38, 71, 191

Miller, Herbert I., 127–28

Milwaukee Sentinel, 173

missiles and rockets. See also intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM); intermediate range ballistic missile (IRBM); and specific agencies, individuals, missiles, and nations

accelerometer calibrators and, 7

accuracy of targeting, 35

aluminum alloys and, 52

apex predictor for, 262, 266

boosters for, 99

combustion chambers of, 13–14, 34, 69

engines of, 34–35, 69–72, 102–3, 150, 158, 225–28, 271

escape velocity and, 146, 158

fuel or propellant for, 12–14, 34, 69–72, 101, 150–51, 154–56, 205, 233–34, 247–48, 254, 260, 263–64

“gap,” 131–32, 221–22, 247–48, 251–53, 274

guidance and steering systems of, 3, 5, 13, 30, 70, 82, 95–97, 101–2, 151, 254

heat shield and nose cone of, 34–35, 70, 96, 113–14, 129–30, 144, 147–50, 163, 166, 211, 218, 220, 246, 249

pressurized with nitrogen, 151, 155, 156

range of, 35–36, 40

reentry problem of, 96

“spinning bucket” on, 254, 262, 265

“sweet” point and, 96

transmitters, 151, 159, 255

weight of satellites and, 167–68, 172–73, 185, 214–15

Mittelwerk factory, 11–13, 87, 277

Moldovans, 63

Molotov, Vyacheslav, 18, 27, 30, 32, 38, 41–42, 44, 62–64, 72, 74, 76, 109, 111–12, 149

Molotov-Ribbentrop nonaggression pact (1939), 8, 27

Mongolia, 189

moon flight, 185, 215, 247, 249, 273–75, 277

Moscow Higher Technical School, 107

Moscow Institute of Power Engineering, 22

Mosley, Leonard, 230

Mozzhorin, Yuri, 144

Mrykin, Aleksander, 143

Murrow, Edward R., 4–7

Mzhavanadze, Vasil, 61

N-1 lunar rocket, 273

NAACP, 139

Nagy, Imre, 75–76

Napoleon, 22, 190

Nashville Tennessean, 177

Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 76

National Academy of Sciences, U.S., 92

National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NACA), 223

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 223, 248–49, 274, 277

National Defense Education Act (1958), 274

National Guard, U.S., 50–93

National Intelligence Estimate (September 15, 1954), 23

National Science Foundation, 227

National Security Agency (NSA), 59, 129

National Security Council (NSC), 53, 78, 117, 132, 180, 184, 221, 240, 244, 254

document NSC 162/2, 50

National Space Establishment (NSE), proposed, 223

Naval Political Department, USSR, 111

Naval Research Center, U.S., 134

Naval Research Laboratory, U.S., 179

Navy, U.S., 47, 79, 166

Vanguard and, 133–34, 162–63, 225–28

Nazi Germany, 1–15, 26, 30, 39, 83–88, 166, 234–38, 258, 261, 277

USSR invaded by, 189–90

NBC, 132, 171, 181, 242

Nedelin, Mitrofan, 102–3, 147, 153–55, 205, 246–47, 271

Nesmeyanov, A. N., 136

Neufeld, Michael, 237–38

New Look Defense Policy, 50–51

Newsweek, 173

New York Herald Tribune, 173, 213, 216

New York Post , 222

New York Times, 59, 94, 136, 171–72, 174, 182, 199, 204, 214–16, 219, 232, 250

Nicholas II, czar of Russia, 104

Nickerson, John C., 82–83, 134, 161

NII-1 (Soviet research institute), 8

NII-88 (Soviet rocket research facility), 22–23, 26–30, 39–44, 98

NII-885 design bureau, 102

Ninth Directorate (KGB), 29

Nixon, Richard, 53–56, 78, 131, 137, 169, 178, 180, 184–86, 215, 221, 231–32, 240, 243–45, 248, 257, 275

NKVD (later KGB), 67, 109

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 72, 185, 241–43, 256–57, 270

North Korea, 88, 89

Norway, 41, 129

Nosov, Aleksandr, 156–58

Novak, Robert, 183

nuclear weapons, 24–26, 35, 38–40, 50, 128, 184, 214–15, 217–18, 220. See also specific types

Oberth, Hermann, 92

Object OD-1, 143, 145

October Revolution, 105–6

jubilee of 1957, 207, 209, 216

Office for Guided Missiles, U.S., 51

Office of Defense Mobilization, U.S., 49, 53, 93

OKB-1, 29–30, 39, 64, 68, 95, 98–100, 150–51, 198, 212, 273

renamed Russian Space Corporation Energya, 278

OKB-52, 100–101

101st Airborne Division, U.S., 140

104th “Timberwolf” Infantry Division, U.S., 10

144th Motor Vehicle Assembly Company, U.S., 11

“open skies” policy, 93

Operation Confidence, 217, 222

Operation Home Run, 25, 126

Operation Powerhouse, 25

Operation Soft Touch, 123

Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 88

orbital decay, 93, 197

orbital velocity, 262, 267

Ordnance Technical Intelligence, 10

Orlov, Alexander, 130

P-30 radar, 125

Pakistan, 115–16, 121, 123–24, 129

Paris Match, 277

Pasternak, Boris, 62

Patton, George S., 45–46, 48

Pearson, Drew, 82, 228

Peenemünde, 10, 84–85, 87, 261

Pershing missile, 248

Peter the Great, czar of Russia, 206

Pickering, William H., 255, 267

Pilyugin, Nikolai, 102, 142, 202

Piszkiewicz, Dennis, 83–84

Pittsburgh Press, 213

Pogo effect, 99

Poland, 32, 41, 42, 63, 72–74

Polaroid Co, 117

Polytechnical Institute of Kiev, 107

Popular Mechanics, 100

Porter, Richard, 226, 238

Portland Press Herald, 180

Portugal, 36

Pospelov, Pyotr, 76

Power, Thomas S, 81

Powers, Francis Gary, 130, 270

Poznan strike of 1956, 72–74, 124

Pravda, 21, 15–16, 111, 136, 194, 196, 201, 206, 216, 246

Presidium, Supreme Soviet ( later Politburo), 18, 22

coup attempt of 1957 and, 109–12

fall of Khrushchev and, 272

R-7 and satellite program and, 26–31, 33–36, 39–44, 64–65, 71–72, 149

secret speech on Stalin and, 30–33, 42, 62–63

uprisings of 1956 and, 62–63, 75

Zhukov ouster and, 192, 195

Procter & Gamble, 164

“Proposal for a National Integrated Missile and Space Vehicle Development Program” (von Braun), 249

PS-1 satellite. See Sputnik IPS-2 satellite. See Sputnik II

Pushkin, Aleksandr, 245

Quarles, Donald, 53–54, 82, 119, 132, 134, 162, 165, 178, 180, 185, 219, 225–26, 244–45, 247, 276

Quistorp, Baroness Emmy von, 87

R-l missile, 29, 71, 98

R-2 missile, 29–30, 34, 98, 209

R-5 missile, 34–35, 40, 69, 98

R-7 missiledoubts about, after Sputnik II, 245–47

early problems with, 64–74, 95–103

failure of, as ICBM, 269–71

first manned flight of, 268

first successful tests of, 113–14, 128–29

fueling problems of, 154–55, 205

Khrushchev and, post-Sputnik, 191, 204–6, 271

Korolev shows, to Presidium, 39–42, 44

Korolev’s legacy and, 274

lift power of, 167–68

satellite program and, 135–36, 142–44, 148

Sputnik successfully launched with, 150, 153–59, 176

U.S. surveillance of, 129, 131–32

R-11 missile (Scud), 274

R-12 missile, 101, 205