Richard Hough: The Great War at Sea: 1914-1918

1. Chatfield. The Navy and Defence , p. 149

2. Dewar, The Navy from Within , p. 30

3. Jellicoe to Sturdee. 17 November 1915; Sturdee MSS

4. Commander Anthony Pellew to the author, 15 July 1982

5. Chalmers, Beatty , p. 262

6. Beatty to Jellicoe, 3 June 1916;Jellicoe MSS 265

7. Conversation with the author, June 1968

8. Jellicoe’s autobiographical notes quoted in Bacon, Jellicoe , p. 163

9. Tyrwhitt to Captain W. Cowan, RN, 5 May 1916; Cowan MSS

10. Vice-Admiral Craig Waller (he changed his name), R . U . S . I . Journal , November 1935

11. Captain Edward Altham, Jellicoe (1938), p. 116

12. Corbett, History , iii. 372

13. Diary of Rear-Admiral Alexander Duff, 22 June 1916; Duff MSS

14. Admiral Drax’s letter to Marder, 28 April 1960; Marder Papers

15. Jellicoe’s unpublished notes ‘The Grand Fleet at Jutland’; Jellicoe MSS

16. Jellicoe in conversation with Captain O. Frewen, RN, 29 November 1919; Frewen MSS

17. Vice-Admiral Adolf von Trotha to Tirpitz, 18 August 1916; Tirpitz MSS

18. ‘Account of the Battle of Jutland’ by Midshipman R. K. Dickson, HMS Benbow , 18 June 191l6. National Library of Scotland; Dickson MSS

19. Press Statement, 4 August 1916

20. Marine Rundschau , June 1966

21. Admiral Drax to Marder, 5 November 1962; Marder Papers

22. Beatty’s marginalia on his copy of L. Gibson and Vice-Admiral J. E. T. Harper, The Riddle of Jutland (1934); Chalmers MSS

23. Evan-Thomas’s letter to The Times , 16 February 1927

1. Scheer, Germany’s High Seas Fleet . pp. 185-6

2. Beatty to Jellicoe, 6 September 1916; Jellicoe MSS

3. Marder, Dreadnought to Scapa Flow , iii. 336

4. Scheer. Germany’s High Seas Fleet , p. 49

5. Note of a conversation with Admiral von Trotha by Mr. F. C. Sillas in the course of the Admiral’s visit to England, May 1939; letter to Marder, 4th October 1966. Marder Papers

6. Vice-Admiral Gordon Campbell, My Mystery Ships (1928), p. 105

7. Jellicoe to Fisher, 1 December 1916: Lennoxlove Papers

8. Richmond diary, 15 May 1917; Richmond MSS

9. Quoted in Marder, Dreadnought to Scapa Flow , iv. 159

10. ibid, p. 258

11. Lloyd George, War Memoirs , iii. 1162-3

12. Quoted in Marder, Dreadnought to Scapa Flow , iv. 187

13. ibid, p. 258

14. Admiral Karl Doenitz, Memoirs : Ten Years and Twenty Days (1959), p. 89

15. Marder, Dreadnought to Scapa Flow , iv. 214

16. Lieutenant-Commander L. Frewen, diary, 27 December 1917; Frewen MSS

17. Richmond diary, 28 November 1917; Richmond MSS

18. Wemyss to Beatty, 23 August 1918: Beatty MSS

19. Admiral Hugh Rodman. Yarns of a Kentucky Admiral (1928). p. 266

20. Rear-Admiral William S. Sims, The Victory at Sea (1920), p. 65

21. Jellicoe’s memorandum, ‘Attacking Ostend and Zeebrugge,’ 18 June 1917; Jellicoe MSS

22. Beatty’s paper, ‘Mining Policy ‘; Jellicoe MSS

23. Chalmers’.s unpublished MS ‘Running Free’: Chalmers MSS

24. E. E. Wilson, ‘Grand Fleet Morale’; Shipmate , January 1964 (Organ of the US Naval Academy Alumni Association)

25. Beatty MSS

26. Captain Otto Groos/Admiral Walther Gladisch, Der Krieg in der Nordsee , 7 vols. (1920-65), vii. 341

27. B. H. Liddell Hart, History of the First World War (1970 edn). p. 588

ADC – Aide-de-camp

AP – Armour-piercing (shell)

BC – Battle-cruiser

BCF – Battle Cruiser Feet

BCS – Battle Cruiser Squadron

BEF – British Expeditionary Force

C and M – Care and Maintenance

CID – Committee of Imperial Defence

C.-in-C. – Commander-in-Chief

DF – Direction finding

DNI – Director of Naval Intelligence

DNO – Director of Naval Operations

DOD – Director of Operations Division

DSC – Distinguished Service Cross

DSM – Distinguished Service Medal

DSO – (Companion of the) Distinguished Service Order

GFBO – Grand Fleet Battle Order

HSF – High Seas Fleet

LCS – Light Cruiser Squadron

NID – Naval Intelligence Division

OD – Operations Division

RN – Royal Navy

RNAS – Royal Navy Air Service

RNVR – Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve

USN – United States Navy

VC – Victoria Cross

W/T – Wireless telegraphy

GENERAL

Barnett, Corelli, The Swordbearers : Studies in Supreme Command (1963). Worthwhile for the Jellicoe chapter. Critical of the social element’s influence on the Roval Navy’s performance.

Bennett, Captain Geoffrey, Naval Battles of the First World War (1968). Excellent balanced accounts and judgements.

Bingham, Commander Barry, Falklands , Jutland and the Bight (1919). A participating officer’s view of these actions.

Chatfield, Admiral of the Fleet Ford, The Navy and Defence (1942). Narrative and observations by Beatty’s flag-captain.

Churchill, Winston S., The World Crisis , 1914-19 , 5 vols. (1923-9). Compulsive and magnificent reading, but the rich prose does not entirely conceal prejudice and distortion in the naval passages.

Corbett, Sir Julian S. Newbolt, Sir Henry, History of the Great War . Naval Operations , 5 vols. (1920-31). The official semi-popular history, Corbett being responsible for the first 3 vols. Readable and reliable.

Dewar, Vice-Admiral K.G.B., The Navy from Within (1939). Prejudiced but highly informative.

Dreyer, Admiral Sir Frederic, The Sea Heritage : a Study of Maritime Warfare (1955). Untidy and unbalanced but interesting, especially on Jutland.

Grenfell, Commander Russell, The Art of the Admiral (1937). Very good on strategy. As so often with clever naval officers, crossness and perversity are never distant.

Groos, Captain Otto/Gladisch, Admiral Walther, Der Krieg in der Nordsee , 7 vols. (1920-65). Groos responsible for the first 5 vols. The official German history Stately and irreplaceable.

Jellicoe, Admiral of the Fleet Earl, The Grand Fleet, 1914-16 : its Creation , Development and Work (1919). Dull but an essential sourer.

Liddell – Hart, Sir Basil, The Great War (1967 revised edn). The soundest single-volume history, with the Royal Navy’s role seen in balanced perspective.

Marder, Arthur J., From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow , 5 vols. (1961-70). The culminating work for which this historian will be remembered. Essential reading which is unlikely to be superseded. The last two vols. highly detailed.

BIOGRAPHICAL

ASQUITH

Oxford and Asquith, Earl of Memories and Reflections , 1852-1927 . 2 vols. (1928). See

especially vol. ii.

Jenkins, Roy, Asquith (1964). Highly readable, somewhat uncritical.

BATTENBERG

Hough. Richard, Louis & Victoria : the First Mountbattens (1973). American edition, The

Mountbattens (1974). The official family history.

Kerr, Admiral Mark, Prince Louis of Battenberg, Admiral of the Fleet (1934). An interim and uncritical study.

BEATTY

Chalmers. Rear-Admiral William S.. The Life & Letters of David, Earl Beatty (1951). Written with access to the family papers, and very well done. Prejudice not too evident considering the author was on Beatty’s Staff from 1915-19.