Stephen Fritz - Frontsoldaten

Knoch, Peter (historian): on everyday history, 6

Koch, Friedrich Andreas von: combat, 36; sensations, 144; strain, 96

Kondruss, Hans: ideology, 198

Köppke, Gustav: comradeship, 161

Kreutz, Gustav: natural forces, 109

Kruse, Friedebald: ideology, 215

Küchler, Heinz: combat, 47, 52; ideology, 190, 194, 213; sensations, 147; strain, 99

Labor Service: and comradeship, 14-15; and Volksgemeinschaft, 161-63

Landowski, Max: combat, 55, 57; strain, 94-95; training, 26

landscapes: North Africa, 126-28; Russia, 123-25. See also natural forces

Landsers: comparison with Allied soldiers, 8, 235-37, 239-42; description of, 1-2, 4; and everyday war, 1-7; hostility to Jews, 59, 195-200; loyalty to Hitler, 196-97, 200-201, 210, 215-16, 241-42; postwar support for National Socialism, 217-18, 221-24; postwar view of German society, 223-24; resiliency of, 192-94, 205-6; self-image of, 220, 222, 233, 235-36, 240-41; support for National Socialism, 10, 200-201, 203, 211-13, 216, 237-38, 242; support for Volksgemeinschaft, 211-15, 217; and universal experiences of soldiers, 234-35; view of war as crusade, 195-202, 211-13, 215, 217, 238

language: use of slang terms, 2, 28-29, 39, 73, 81, 95, 106, 136, 181, 220, 243 n 3

Laumen, Ludwig: natural forces, 108, 125, 128

leadership: and spirit of comradeship, 25

Lenz, Paul: ideology, 197

Ley, Robert: on National Socialism, 208

Liddell Hart, B.H. (historian): on everyday history, 3

Lindner, Martin: ideology, 191; sensations, 141, 147-48; strain, 76, 82

living conditions: filth, 104-5; flies, 118; insects in Russia, 118-19; lack of privacy, 122; lice infestation, 105, 117-18

loneliness: during combat, 36-37, 111, 166; separation from wives, 80

Löscher, Klaus: comradeship, 173, 179; natural forces, 107; sensations, 139, 144; strain, 88

love: desire for affection, 78-79; infidelity, 80; marital strains, 79-81; as reason for desertion, 80-81. See also sexuality

Ludwig, Hans-Heinrich: combat, 45; ideology, 193; natural forces, 106; sensations, 151, 154; strain, 99

Luebke, Ulrich: ideology, 217

Mahnke, Reinhold: ideology, 197-98

mail: censorship of, 9; importance of to Landsers, 72, 83-84, 86; importance of letters from soldiers, 86

Malaparte, Curzio (war correspondent): natural forces, 129-30; sensations, 153; on stoicism of Russian wounded, 204

Mann, Thomas (novelist): on World War I and Volksgemeinschaft, 207

Manstein, General Erich von: racist and ideological directive, 199

marching: and exhaustion, 119-20

marriage: strain of separation, 79-81

Martius, Friedrich Leonhard: combat, 45

Maschmann, Melita: comradeship, 183

medals: importance of, 72

Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Sebastian: ideology, 189, 213

Messerschmidt, Manfred (historian): on ideological nature of war, 237

Meyer, Gerhard: comradeship, 156; ideology, 191; sensations, 137, 144

Mielert, Harry: combat, 31, 33, 35-38, 49, 52, 59, 62; comradeship, 158, 166-70, 172, 176-80; ideology, 189, 192-94, 204, 215; natural forces, 104-5, 111, 113-14, 116-17, 120-21, 123-26, 129, 130-34; sensations, 136-39, 140-43, 145-47, 150-51; strain, 69, 71-73, 80-81, 83-84, 86-88, 99, 101

Mogk, Jürgen: strain, 85

Mommsen, Hans (historian): on Landsers, 241

morale: Christmas celebrations, 72-73; and comradeship, 82-83; concern for home front, 84-86; effect of climate on, 111-12; effect of rumors on, 81-82; Flucht nach vorn, 83; and humor, 73-74; impact of casualties on, 191-92; importance of food, 115; importance of ideology, 201-2, 211-12; importance of letters from home, 72, 83-84; importance of letters from the field, 86; importance of music, 75-77; marital strains, 79-81; nostalgia for civilian life, 75, 84; and punishment battalions, 91; raising of, 71-72, 82; and Russian landscape, 123-25; and unit pride, 173-75, 233, 235-36. See also motivation

Morgenthau Plan: 221

motivation: impact of World War I, 188-90, 194; importance of ideology, 201-2, 211-12; notion of preventive war, 196-98; resiliency of Landsers, 192-94, 205-6; and Volksgemeinschaft, 211-15, 217

music: as means of coping, 75-76

Nagel, Hugo: lost years, 227

National Labor Service (Reichsarbeitsdienst): See Labor Service

National Socialism: Landsers’ postwar support for, 217-18, 221-24; Landsers’ support for, 10, 200-201, 203, 211-13, 216, 237-38, 242

National Socialist Leadership Officers (National Sozialistische Führungsoffiziere): ideological instruction in Army, 199-201

natural forces: beauty of, 127, 129-31; fascination of, 123, 126-27; menace of, 123-26; power of, 112, 126; reflections on, 134; relationship of technology and man to, 132-33. See also landscapes

Neelsen, Helmut: sensations, 154

Nicol, Hans: natural forces, 130; sensations, 151

night patrols: fear of, 39

Normandy, 20, 63, 174, 180

North Africa: description of desert, 126-27; description of market, 128; dust in, 108; flies in, 118

Nowak, Walter: lost years, 229

Oertel, Karl Friedrich: comradeship, 165

Opitz, Alfred: combat, 33; strain, 81

Ott, Wolfgang: lost years, 231

Pabst, Helmut: combat, 33, 50; comradeship, 166; ideology, 192-93; lost years, 219-20; natural forces, 106, 112, 120; sensations, 137, 146-47, 149-50; strain, 69, 100, 102

Pagenkopf, Reinhard: ideology, 216-17

panic: in combat, 70-71; coping with, 71

partisans: civilians killed as, 51, 57; execution of, 50-51, 56

Paul, Josef: combat, 64

Paulsen, Werner: combat, 43

Penck, Martin: natural forces, 108, 118, 120

Peukert, Detlev (historian): on everyday history, 7; on National Socialism, 217-18

Pfister, Hermann: ideology, 210

Pieper, Arthur: lost years, 228

Pietzcker, Hans: comradeship, 179; ideology, 192; natural forces, 126; sensations, 148, 155; strain, 99

Piotrowski, Karl: bitter truth, 233

Plievier, Theodor (novelist): on punishment battalions, 90-91

Pöppel, Martin: combat, 61, 63; comradeship, 164-65, 167-68, 171-73, 179-81; ideology, 211; lost years, 221-22, 226-27; natural forces, 113; sensations, 141; strain, 84; training, 12, 14, 16, 20

Pott, Werner: combat, 49-50; natural forces, 119

Pries, Uwe: lost years, 228

prisoners of war: Russian, killing of, 52-57

propaganda: ideological indoctrination in Wehrmacht, 199-200, 205-6

Prüller, Wilhelm: combat, 33, 35, 37, 42, 45-46, 48; ideology, 192, 197, 199-201, 203, 205, 212; natural forces, 105, 107-10, 120-21; sensations, 141; strain, 75-76, 81, 83

psychological conditions: artillery shelling, 62-63, 73; breakdown in combat, 88-89, 137-40; infidelities of wives, 79-81; nostalgia for civilian life, 75, 84; pre-battle stress, 32-33, 136, 140; strain of separation at training camps, 11, 13, 29-30; stress of combat, 53-54, 61-62, 69. See also fear; morale; stress

punishment: and crimes against civilians, 97-98; of drill instructors, 27; and executions of German soldiers, 91, 93-97, 251-52 n 44, 252 n 49; fear of, 90-95; and “political crimes,” 90; punishment battalions, 29, 90-91, 93; during training, 26-29. See also discipline; executions

Radbruch, Anselm: natural forces, 128-29

Reichenau, Field Marshal Walter von: racist and ideological directive, 199

religion: as comfort, 101-2

Reuber, Kurt: combat, 33, 37; comradeship, 169; natural forces, 118, 124; sensations, 137-38, 151, 155

Richter, Otto: lost years, 227

Rieckmann, Heinz: lost years, 228; training, 26

Riedel, Hans-Hermann: lost years, 227

Rilke, Rainer Maria (poet): quoted, 102, 137; on World War I, 207

Ritter, Bernhard: comradeship, 175; natural forces, 124