Gregory Freeze - Russia - A History

North Korea 485, 517

Northern War 110, 113, 123, 542

Norway 390

Nove, A. 344, 358

Novgorod 4–6, 8–9, 11–17, 23–5, 28–9, 32, 35–6, 40–1, 46, 51, 54, 56–7, 65, 70, 72, 75, 82–3, 88, 539–42

Novikov, N. 164–5

Novocherkassk 432, 436, 553

Novodevichii Convent 98–9, 102

Novosergeevsk 104

Novosibirsk 447

Novosilskie 39

Novosiltsev, N. 170

nuclear disarmament 456–7

Nye, J. 107

Nystadt, Peace of, 123

Ob River 34

objectivism 338

obrok 37, 47

October Manifesto 237, 255, 548

October Revolution (1917) 288, 291, 306, 311, 348–9, 360, 369, 419, 494

Octobrists 255, 257, 261–3, 276, 299

Oder 382

Odessa 155, 248, 256, 375, 545, 548

odnodvortsy 140

Odoevskie princes 39

Official Nationality 186–7, 191–3

Ogurtsov, 94

oil 215, 265, 289, 380, 400, 443, 454–5, 473–4, 498–501, 504, 523–7, 560–1

Oistrakh, D. 363

Oka River 4, 21, 36, 38–41

Old Belief 59, 89, 114, 161

Old Bolsheviks 290, 369

Old Testament Trinity (icon) 24

Oleg 3

Olga 3, 5

Olgerd 26

oligarchs 469, 471, 492

Olonets 123

Omsk 297

On the Corruption of Morals 164

One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich 429, 553

Onega River 34–5, 183, 367, 389, 457

opala 55

Open Society 506

Operation Bagration 382

Operation Barbarossa 374

Operation Blue 330

Operation Citadel 381

Operation Tycoon 375

Operation Urans 381

oprichnina 33, 40, 50–1, 53, 60–1, 63–4, 541

optimists 263, 267

Order of St Andrew 114

Order of the Apostle Andrew the

First-Called 108

Ordin-Nashchokin, A.L. 80, 86

Ordzhonikidze, G.K. 345, 363–4

Orel 215, 298, 381

Orenburg 129, 153, 156, 544

Organic Statute 186

Organization for Security and

Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) 522, 559

Orgnabor 352

Orpheus und Eurydice 87

Orthodox Church: see clergy; Russian

Orthodox Church

OSCE see Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

Osterman, A. 112, 125–6, 128

Ostiaki, 34

Osvobozhdenie 249

Otrepev, Iu. 67

Ottoman Empire 79, 85–6, 91, 98, 103–4, 106, 134–5, 170, 175, 179, 195, 197, 230, 244–5, 270, 542, 544

Ozerlag 415

Padua 105

Pahlen, P. 169–70

Painter, The 164

Palace of Congresses 438

Pale of Settlement 223–4

Paleostrov Monastery 97

Palestine 195

Palitsyn, A. 73

Palmquist 78

Panin, N. 169–70, 186

Papal States 216

Paris Club 556

Paris Commune 242

Paris, Peace of, 242

partible inheritance 146, 155

partocracy 433, 435–6, 439–40

party conferences 295, 348, 356, 554

party congresses 295, 308–14, 358, 362, 364, 378, 416, 426–7, 435, 438, 443, 449, 549–50, 552–4

Party of Socialist Revolutionaries (PSR) xxi, 547, 246, 249, 250, 263, 276, 285, 287, 291, 296, 302, 547

Pashukanis, E.B. 357

passport system 236, 354, 425

Patkul, J.R. von 109

Patriarch of Constantinople, 6, 27

patriarchate 65, 76, 85, 88, 98, 119, 391, 541

patrimony 20, 32

Paul I: 149, 166, 168

Paulus, F. von 380–1, 551

Pavel, bishop of Kolomna 89

Pavlov, D.G. 388

‘peaceful coexistence’ 319, 321, 428

Peasant Bank 232

Peasant Union 253

peasantry 14, 35–7, 40, 42, 46–7, 50–1, 53–5, 60, 64, 66–9, 71–2, 74, 76, 79–81, 83–5, 89, 93, 113, 120, 124, 136–8, 140–2, 145, 149, 152–3, 156–7, 159, 161, 166, 172, 181, 185–6, 188–90, 195, 198, 201, 203–9, 211, 213–15, 219, 221–2, 225–7, 229, 232, 236–8, 240, 245–6, 252–6, 259–60, 264, 270, 274–5, 278, 282, 284–6, 191–6, 198–9, 302–4, 308, 310, 314, 316, 322–5, 328–9, 333–7, 339, 342–4, 346, 347–54, 356, 358, 362, 367, 369–70, 384, 386, 391, 421, 430–3, 441, 540–1, 544–7

Pechenegs 4, 7, 9

Pecherskii Monastery 539

Pechora 34

Peking 79

Pelevin, V. 513

pensions 425, 434, 437, 466, 481–2, 497, 502, 511–12, 525–6

People’s Deputies 459–61, 465, 554

People’s Rights Party 240

People’s Will 240, 246, 546

peredvizhniki 218

Pereiaslavl 5, 10, 12–14, 46, 57, 85

perestroika xxi, 435, 450–1, 457–61, 504, 513, 553–4

Perevolochna 116

Perm 34–5, 52

Perry, J. 107, 109

Persia 15, 129, 195

Peru 475, 478

Perun 6

pessimists 263

Peter and Paul Cathedral 123

Peter and Paul Fortress 114

Peter I (‘the Great’) xiii, 63, 78–9, 82, 90, 95, 98, 100, 112, 124, 126, 128–9, 131, 135, 141, 151, 155, 160, 174, 192, 238, 244, 543

Peter II 116, 125–6, 543–4

Peter III 132, 134, 141, 146–7, 149–50, 155–6, 544

Peter, Metropolitan 22, 25–6, 58

Peterhof 118

Petersburg soviet 253, 255

Peterson, A.M. 420

Petitions Chancery 57

Petrashevskii circle 193–4, 546

Petrograd 273–7, 279–80, 286, 288, 290–1, 293, 295, 298, 312, 348, 548

Petrograd soviet 275–7, 279–80, 290, 548

Petrovskoe 142

Photius, Metropolitan 29

Piatakov, G.L. 311, 365, 550

Pimen, Metropolitan 26

Pipes, R. 283

plague 53

Platonov 64, 80

Plehve, G. 250

Plekhanov, G. 547

Plenipotentiary (polpred) 508

Pobedonostsev, K.P. 230–1

Podgornyi, N.V. 434, 438

pogroms 256, 286, 303, 350, 432, 547–8

Poland 9, 14, 18, 59, 70, 72–7, 83–6, 98, 103, 105–6 116, 123, 135–6, 151, 174–5, 186, 195, 197, 224, 244, 256, 278, 296, 371, 378, 382, 402, 418, 449, 460, 484, 517, 523, 541–2, 544–5, 551, 557, 561–2

Poland-Lithuania 103, 106, 541–2

Poliane 3

Polianovka 78

Policeystaat 93

Polish constitution (1791) 136

Polish rebellion of 1830–1: 545

Polish rebellion of 1863: 224, 546

Polish sejm 72, 75, 181

Polish Succession, War of, 129, 544

Politburo 313, 315, 345, 349, 364–6, 404, 414, 418, 420, 435, 438–40, 446–8, 450, 452–3, 456–7, 459, 549–50

Politkovskaia, A. 505, 561

poll tax 124, 137–9, 142, 144, 154, 207, 221, 232, 547

Polotsk 4, 90, 93, 97

Polotskii, S. 90, 93, 97

Polovtsy 9–11, 13, 539

Polozkov, I. 554

Poltava 114–7, 121, 543, 547

Poltava 111

Pomerantsev, V. 413

pomest’e 46

Popular Front 361, 370

population xi, 7–9, 11, 22, 34–8, 54, 56, 58, 72, 79, 81, 91, 120, 129, 134, 136–9, 141–2, 144, 147, 151, 153–5, 158, 214, 221, 223, 237–8, 256, 308, 314, 328, 337, 343, 350, 352–4, 369, 380, 384–6, 390–1, 393, 395, 402, 406, 408, 416, 427–8, 430, 443–4, 460, 462, 464, 473, 481–3, 486, 497, 509, 511–16, 520–3

populism 226–8, 230, 238, 241, 246–7, 345, 366, 409–10, 414, 421, 427, 546

poruchnye zapisi 40

posad xxi, 37, 39, 47, 54

positivism 265

posluzhil’tsy 46

Pososhkov, I. 112

Postnikov, P. 105–7

Potanin, V. 469, 561

Potemkin, G. 135, 149

Potsdam Conference 393, 551

poverty line 425, 444, 481, 510

‘power ministries’ 502

Pozharskii, d. 72, 133, 541

Poznan 418

Pravda x, 349, 363, 409, 413, 415, 418, 431, 550

Predestinatsiia 108

Preobrazhenskii Bureau 105, 114, 126

Preobrazhenskii, E. 324–6

Preobrazhenskoe 87, 102, 104, 118

Presidential Council 461

presidential elections 491, 501, 507, 556, 558, 560

Presidium 410–11, 422, 435

price revolution 153, 155