Greg Dawson - Judgment Before Nuremberg

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The story of the forgotten Kharkov trials, which sought justice for the thousands killed in the Ukraine two years prior to the infamous Nuremberg trial When people think of the Holocaust, they think of Auschwitz, Dachau; and when they think of justice for this terrible chapter in history, they think of Nuremberg. Not of Russia or the Ukraine, and certainly not a town called Kharkov. But in reality, the first war-crimes trial against the Nazis was in this idyllic, peaceful Ukrainian city, which is fitting, because it is also where the Holocaust actually began.
Revealing a lost chapter in Holocaust historiography,
tells the story of Dawson’s journey to this place, to the scene of the crime, and the discovery of the trial which began the tortuous process of avenging the murder of his grandparents, great-grandparents, and tens of thousands of fellow Ukrainians consumed at the dawn of the Shoah, a moment and crime now largely cloaked in darkness.
Eighteen months before the end of World War II—two full years before the opening statement by the prosecution at Nuremberg—three Nazi officers and a Ukrainian collaborator were tried and convicted of war crimes and hung in Kharkov’s public square. The trial is symbolic of the larger omission of Ukraine from the popular history of the Holocaust—another deep irony as most of the first of the six million perished in Ukraine long before Hitler and his lieutenants even decided on the formalities of the Final Solution.

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Chapter Twenty-Five
Epilogue

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

A host of people helped in big and small ways to bring this book to fruition, but there are two without whom the first word never would have been written. Larisa Volovik and her daughter Yulana Volshonok operate the Kharkov Holocaust Museum where I learned about the historic 1943 trial that history forgot. Had I not happened across an exhibit on the trial during a visit to the museum in 2006, there’s little chance I ever would have known about it.

When I returned to Kharkov in December 2010 to do research for this book, I would have been little more than a sightseer without the help of a small village of friends and strangers. I would have been speechless without my gifted and patient translators—Daria and Victoria Plis, and Anna Kakhnovska. I’m grateful to Mariana Yevsyukova for introducing me to Daria and Victoria, and to her grandmother, Antonina Bogancha, for welcoming me into her home as she did in 2006—the same home where the Bogancha family sheltered my mother and her sister after their escape from the death march to Drobitsky Yar.

Victor Melikhov provided an invaluable seminar on Ukrainian history, telling me things I would not have discovered on my own. Yuri Radchenko took time out from his doctoral studies in Holocaust history to show me the places in and around Kharkov where Jews were jailed, murdered, and buried. Moshe Moskovitz, chief rabbi of Kharkov, shared his own story as a Second Generation survivor and told me what life is like today for Jews in Kharkov.

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