Frederick Kempe - Berlin 1961

border escorts

Checkpoint Charlie confrontation

defiance of border procedures

East Berlin tour

on importance of West Berlin’s defense

with Kennedy in Berlin

on Kennedy’s resolve in Cuban Missile Crisis

morale-building mission to Berlin

plans to break through Wall

stance on Soviet Union

Steinstücken defense

Clifford, Clark

Couch, Virgil

Cuba

Bay of Pigs invasion

Acheson on

demonstration of Kennedy’s weakness

failure of mission

impact on Allied confidence

Kennedy’s acknowledgment of error

Khrushchev on

linking to Berlin issue

miscalculations and oversights

plan

pretext of U.S. noninvolvement

Castro’s communist inclinations

Soviet alliance

U.S. support of Batista

Cuban Missile Crisis

Allied support for Kennedy

Kennedy’s resolve

Khrushchev’s perception of Kennedy’s weakness

linking to Berlin issue

Soviet nuclear buildup

Soviet retreat

threat to U.S. cities

Daily News (New York)

Dealey, E. M. “Ted,”

de Gaulle, Charles

Eisenhower’s and Roosevelt’s disapproval of

on exclusion of Britain from Common Market

on German reunification

as Kennedy’s host in Paris

opposition to negotiation with Khrushchev

support for U.S. in Cuban Missile Crisis

on U.S. Berlin policy

Demichev, Pyotr

Deng Xiaoping

Dimmer, John

Dobrynin, Anatoly

as adviser for Vienna Summit

concessions from U.S. on missiles in Turkey

diplomatic postings

linking of Berlin and Cuban issues

Doherr, Annamarie

Dönhoff, Marion

Donner, Jörn

Dowling, Walter “Red”

under Adenauer’s influence

admiration for Adenauer

barring of, from East Berlin

in Berlin bureaucracy

on Clay’s appointment to Berlin

on Soviet policy

Dulles, Allen

Dulles, John Foster

East Berlin

Bernauer Strasse

job placement in

optimism during Vienna Summit

response to border closure

RIAS radio broadcasts

Stalinist architecture

tourism

See also East German border closure

East German border closure

Allied civilians

military escorts for

restrictions on

breach of Wall, plans for

confrontation at Checkpoint Charlie

escape attempts

expansion of

first public mention of

implementation of

initial discussions of

Kennedy

acquiescence

inaction

on prospect of closure

relief at closure

Khrushchev

approval

satisfaction

limitation to East German territory

logistical challenges

long-term consequences

official statement on

permanent barriers

plans and preparations

press conference on

punishment of escapees’ families

separation of friends and family

shoot-to-kill police orders

single crossing point for Westerners

tourism

violation of four-power agreements

Warsaw Pact states’ approval of

East Germany

Allied access rights

Chinese assistance to

economic decline and hardships

farm collectivization

Miss Universe refugee

refugee exodus

Soviet oil pipeline

Soviet treaty proposal granting control of access

Steinstücken access

West German trade

See also East Berlin; East German border closure

Economist

Eikemeier, Fritz

Eisenhower, Dwight D.

admiration for Adenauer

on Berlin situation

Camp David meeting with Khrushchev

concealment of Soviet missile capability

Cuban invasion plan

doubts about Kennedy’s abilities

ignoring of Khrushchev

Kennedy’s opinion of

Laos policy

on nuclear war

Paris Summit with Khrushchev

spy missions over Soviet Union

warning against de Gaulle

Eisler, Gerhard

Ellsberg, Daniel

Ende, Horst

Erhard, Ludwig

Fechter, Peter

Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley

France. See de Gaulle, Charles

Frankfurter Rundschau

“free city” status for Berlin

Kennedy’s rejection of

Khrushchev’s idea for

Kissinger’s warning on

Ulbricht on

free elections in East and West Germany

Kennedy’s lack of commitment to

Kissinger’s position on

U.S. policy on

Fulbright, William

Gaevski, Stanislaw

Gagarin, Yuri

Gavin, James M.

Gelb, Norman

German frontiers and revanchism

German reunification

as Adenauer’s goal

Kennedy’s first mention of

Kennedy’s lack of commitment to

Khrushchev’s resistance to

realization of

skepticism about

Stalin on

U.S. policy on

West German hope for

Gilmore, Eddy

Gilpatric, Roswell

Goldwater, Barry

Gomulka, Wladyslaw

Goodwin, David

Grechko, Andrei

Grewe, Wilhelm

Gromyko, Andrei

and Kennedy’s invitation to Khrushchev

on loss of Chinese alliance

negotiations with Rusk

on Thompson’s efforts in Checkpoint Charlie confrontation

Vienna Summit strategy

on West Berlin parliament meeting

Gruson, Sydney

Guthman, Ed

Gvozdev, Yuri

Hager, Kurt

Harriman, W. Averell

on Khrushchev’s influence on U.S. presidential election (1960)

opinion of Khrushchev

Soviet policy deliberations

on Soviet position on Laos

on Soviet release of captive U.S. airmen

stance on Berlin issue

Hartel, Frederick O.

Heichler, Lucian

Hemsing, Albert

Herter, Christian A.

Higgins, Marguerite

Hildebrandt, Regine

Hillenbrand, Martin

Berlin deliberations

on compromised U.S. position in Berlin

on Kennedy’s consideration of war

reply to Khrushchev’s ultimatum

at Vienna Summit

Hillers, Marta

Ho Chi Minh

Hoffmann, Heinz

Holeman, Frank

Home, Lord (Sir Alec Douglas-Home)

Berlin deliberations

on Soviet demands at Vienna Summit

Honecker, Erich

border closure planning and supervision

career ambitions

death in exile

on East German sports movement

and refugee exodus

Hoxha, Enver

Humphrey, Hubert H.

Ibárruri, Dolores

Isaacson, Walter

Izvestia

Jacobson, Max

Jenkins, Kempton

Johns, Glover S., Jr.

Johnson, Lyndon

as host to Adenauer in Texas

morale-building mission to Berlin

on nuclear buildup plans

shopping in Berlin

Soviet policy deliberations

stance on Berlin issue

Junge Welt

Kádár, János

Kaganovich, Lazar

Kaysen, Carl

Kazennov, A. P.

Kellett-Long, Adam

at Checkpoint Charlie confrontation

on impending crisis

joke at border crossing

on Jacqueline Kennedy’s behavior

receipt of border closure announcement

report on border closure

Kennan, George

Kennedy, Jacqueline “Jackie” drug use

impression on de Gaulle

impression on Khrushchev

popularity

stylishness

Kennedy, Joseph P. “Joe,” Sr.

anticommunism and isolationism

wealth and ambition

womanizing

Kennedy, John F.

Acheson

influence over Kennedy

on Kennedy’s leadership ability

Adenauer

distrust of Kennedy

Kennedy’s opinion of

Berlin

on access rights in

assignment of Clay to

consequences of mishandling

on “free city” status proposal

motives about

public pressure for action on

references to West Berlin

reinforcement of garrison at