Diana Preston - Before the Fallout

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Before the Fallout: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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The human chain reaction that led to the atom bomb On December 26, 1898, Marie Curie announced the discovery of radium and observed that “radioactivity seems to be an atomic property.” A mere 47 years later, “Little Boy"exploded over Hiroshima. Before the Fallout is the epic story of the intervening half century, during which an exhilarating quest to unravel the secrets of the material world revealed how to destroy it, and an open, international, scientific adventure transmuted overnight into a wartime sprint for the bomb.
Weaving together history, science, and biography, Diana Preston chronicles a human chain reaction of scientists and leaders whose discoveries and decisions forever changed our lives. The early decades of the 20th century brought Einstein’s relativity theory, Rutherford’s discovery of the atomic nucleus, and Heisenberg’s quantum mechanics, and scientists of many nations worked together to tease out the secrets of the atom. Only 12 years before Hiroshima, one leading physicist dismissed the idea of harnessing energy from atoms as “moonshine.” Then, on the eve of World War II, the power of atomic fission was revealed, alliances were broken, friendships sundered, and science co-opted by world events.
Preston interviewed the surviving scientists, and she offers new insight into the fateful wartime meeting between Heisenberg and Bohr, along with a fascinating conclusion examining what might have happened had any number of events occurred differently. She also provides a rare portrait of Hiroshima before the blast.
As Hiroshima’s 60th anniversary approaches, Before the Fallout compels us to consider the threats and moral dilemmas we face in our still dangerous world.

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“That’s bad”: Quoted in T. Powers, Heisenberg’s War, p. 170.

“The point… is…”: Quoted in Pharr Davis, Lawrence and Oppenheimer, p. 21.

“the awful fact of excellence”: Letter to F. Fergusson of 23 January 1923, printed in Kimball-Smith and Weiner, Robert OppenheimerLetters and Recollections, p. 92.

“part… physics”: Kimball-Smith and Weiner, eds., Robert OppenheimerLetters and Recollections, p. 98.

“They are… successful”: Ibid., p. 100.

“a vile driver”; “scare friends… seventy”: Ibid., p. 135.

“I would criticism”: Quoted in ibid., p. 130.

“I have together”: Quoted in Pharr Davis, Lawrence and Oppenheimer, p. 25.

“unbelievable life”: Quoted in Herken, Brotherhood of the Bomb, p. 12.

“nasty gory”: Kimball-Smith and Weiner, Robert OppenheimerLetters and Recollections, p. 133

“knew did”: Quoted in Pharr Davis, Lawrence and Oppenheimer, p. 51.

“We are busy… experiments”: Letter from R. Oppenheimer to F. Oppenheimer of Autumn 1932, printed in Kimball-Smith and Weiner, eds., Robert OppenheimerLetters and Recollections, p. 109.

“The experimenters… again”: J. Cockcroft quoted in J. Hendry, ed., Cambridge Physics in the Thirties, p. 79.

“catching up countries”: D. Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb, p. 1 5.

“Comrade Rutherford”: R. Peierls, Bird of Passage, p. 95.

“the world… not of it”: Quoted in Powers, Heisenberg’s War, p. 172.

“In 1932… superiority”: All quotes in this paragraph are from Rees, Horror in the East, p. 23.

Six. Persecution and Purge

“vision”; “bathed woke up”: W Heisenberg, Physics and Beyond, p. 125.

Perhaps to forget… snowline: All quotes in these two paragraphs are from ibid., pp. 125 and 127.

“We Germans Fatherland”: Sime, Lise Meitner, p. 139.

“All… shattered”; “in despair… family”: Ibid., p. 140.

“Jewish… pawn”: E. Heisenberg, Inner Exile, p. 48.

“spirit of Einstein’s spirit”; “to be rewarded… chair”: Physics World, December 2001.

“a White Jew”; “representatives… themselves”: Jungk, Brighter Than a Thousand Suns, p. 74.

“ugly inscription”; “breathe quietly”: W. Heisenberg, Physics and Beyond, p. 173.

“complete idiot…”: Quoted in Physics World, December 2001.

“civil liberty… law”: Quoted in Sime, Lise Meitner, p. 137.

“My heart…young ones”: Quoted in R. C. Williams, Klaus Fuchs, Atom Spy, p. 36.

“no butlers dress”: Snow, Variety of Men, p. 87.

“it’s as importantsciences”: Quoted in Jungk, Brighter Than a Thousand Suns, p. 46.

“no better than the rabble”: Quoted in Sime, Lise Meitner, p. 138.

“whipped frenzy”: Quoted in Powers, Heisenberg’s War, p. 39.

finely creases”; “seemed tortured”; “utterly futile”: W Heisenberg, Physics and Beyond, p. 150.

“Since hateful”: Quoted in Sime, Lise Meitner, p. 143.

“inner exile”: E. Heisenberg, Inner Exile, “the old values”: W Heisenberg, Physics and Beyond, p. 151.

“after the catastrophe”: Ibid., p. 154.

“at least stay on”: Ibid., p. 152.

“If today former”: Sime, Lise Meitner, pp. 145—46.

“Haber him”: Ibid., p. 156.

“going backwards way”: Pflaum, Grand Obsession, p. 298.

“My colleagues… neutron”: Ibid., p. 302.

“With the neutron… time”: Quinn, Marie Curie, p. 429.

“We… time”; “We… butts”; “a sound…forget”: Pharr Davis, Lawrence and Oppenheimer, p. 60.

“the expression… life”: Quinn, Madame Curie, p. 430.

“We’re back… laboratory”: E. Curie, Madame Curie, p. 384.

“La Patronne”… Langevin”: All quotes in this paragraph are from the author’s interview with Goldschmidt of 3 April 1992.

“of rapid. radiations”; “in her shaking hand”: E. Curie, Madame Curie, pp. 400—401.

“scientists character”: Quoted in Jungk, Brighter Than a Thousand Suns, p. 48.

“talking moonshine”: Times (London), 12 September 1933.

“Not only… to become”: Quoted in Moore, Niels Bohr, p. 213.

“a blind man ducks”: Ibid.

“greatfurrowed forehead”; “enormous eyes”: Snow, Variety of Men, p. 84.

“A disaster surroundings”: Born, My Life and My Views, p. 38.

“declined violently”; “he did not wish… poison-gas”: Letter from M. Born to J. Chadwick of 11 August 1954, quoted in Oliphant, Rutherford, p. 60.

“a sort of labour exchange”: Frisch, What Little I Remember, p. 53.

“They accepted world”: Teller, Memoirs, pp. 120-21.

“God me”: Frisch, What Little I Remember, p. 76.

“a continuing Germany”: Kimball-Smith and Weiner, eds., Robert OppenheimerLetters and Recollections, p. 196.

“living on top of a volcano”: Quoted in Jungk, Brighter Than a Thousand Suns, p. 29.

“could no longer Hitler”; “we are us”: Ibid., pp. 57—58.

“A reasonable number”: Quoted in L. Badash, Kapitza, Rutheford and the Kremlin, p. 110.

“I am alive”: Wilson, Rutherford, p. 528.

“It was. equipment”: Chadwick’s oral history, AIP.

“He was. very well”: Ibid.

“only hanging by a thread”: Letter from Lady Rutherford to J. Chadwick of 9 October 1937,CCC/JC.

“I feel it in my water”: Quoted in Oliphant, Rutheford, p. 110.

“stupefied miserable”; “did things”: Snow, Variety of Men, p. 14.

“one oftime”: Ibid., p. 79.

“in quite found it”: N. Bohr’s obituary of Rutherford in Nature, 1937.

“it was not… nature”: Jungk, Brighter Than a Thousand Suns, p. 59.

“keep an eye on the matter”: Powers, Heisenberg’s War, p. 53.

“a steamroller obstacles”: E. Segre, Enrico Fermi, p. 56.

“ancient role fields”: Sime, Lise Meitner, p. 164.

“the counter clicked madly”: L. Fermi, Atoms in the Family, p. 98.

“sofascinating”; “an outstanding chemist”: Sime, Lise Meitner, pp. 164—65.

“conceivable elements”: Jungk, Brighter Than a Thousand Suns, p. 61.

“It said.to me”: M. Goldsmith, Frederic Joliot-Curie, p. 71.

“plain dishonest”: E. Segre’s oral history, AIP.

“assumption… really absurd”: I. Noddack quoting O. Hahn in Rayner-Canham and Rayner-Canham, A Devotion to Their Science, p. 223.

Seven. “Wonderful Findings”

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