Пер Рудлинг - ОУН и УПА - исследования о создании исторических мифов. Сборник статей

The Krentsbakh/Kreutzbach forgery was also discussed in the Ukrainian émigré press, where the writer Bohdan Kordiuk concorded with Friedman’s conclusions: “The careful historian Friedman give the story of Dr. Stella Krentsbakh, who ‘Thanks UPA for her Life,’ which has been re-printed so many times, his attention, but fi nds nothing about her. And rightly so, since none of the UPA veterans, known by the author of these lines, either heard or knew of this legendary Stella Krentsbakh. Neither have any Jews heard of her. Hardly any one of the tens of thousands of Ukrainians refugees claim to have met this Stella Krentsbakh. The biography, attributed to her in certain places, does not hold up to critical scrutiny; claims that she would have been working in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs do not correspond to the truth. And some were nonsensical claims — that she would have been killed on the streets of Jerusalem from a shot to the nape of her neck, supposedly due to her favorable memories of the UPA. That nonsense constitutes a jungle of the prejudices which so burden Ukrainian-Jewish relations. It seems to us, that as long as there is still no independent evidence, the stories of Dr. Stella Krentsbakh need to be regarded as a mystifi cation.” Bohdan Kordiuk, “Retsenzii: Pro liudei, spovnennykh samoposviaty: Their Brother’s Keepers by Philip Friedman. With a Foreword by Father John A. O’Brien. Crown Publishers, Inc. New York, 1957, pp. 224,” Suchasna Ukraina (Munich) 15 (194), July 20, (1958): 7.

Tatiana Zhurzhenko, “The Geopolitics of Memory,” Eurozine, May 10, 2007. Available online: http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2007-05-10-zhurzhenko-en.html (accessed November 9, 2010).

Dietsch, Making Sense of Suffering, 223–226.

Andreas Umland and Anton Shekhovtsov, “Pravoradikal’naia partiinaia politika v postsovetskoi Ukraine: zagadka elektoral’noi marginal’nosti ukrainskikh ul’tranatsionalistov v 1994–2009 gg.,” Ab Imperio, no. 2 (2010): 219–247.

Johan Dietsch, “Imagining the Missing Neighbor: Jews and the Holocaust in Ukrainian History Textbooks,” in Heorhii Kas’ianov, Obraz inshoho v susidnikh istoriakh: mifi, stereotypy, naukovi interpretatsii: Materialy mizhnarodnoi naukovi konferentsii, Kyiv, 15–16 hrudnia 2005 roku (Kyiv: NAN Ukrainy, Instytut istorii Ukrainy, 2008), 202, citing David Levy and Nathan Sznaider, “Memory Unbound: The Holocaust and the Formation of Cosmopolitan Memory,” European Journal of Social Theory, Vol. 5, No. 1 (2002): 100.

Wilfried Jilge, “Zmanannia zhertv,” Krytyka, vol. 10, no. 5 (May, 2006): 14–17. 270. Ihor Yukhnovs’kyi (b. 1925) is a physicist, not a trained historian. An enthusiastic admirer of Bandera and Shukhevych, the OUN and UPA, Yukhnovs’kyi has occasionally voiced anti- Semitic views. Aleksandr Burakovs’kyi, “Key Characteristics and Transformation of Jewish-Ukrainian Relations during the Period of Ukraine’s Independence, 1991–2008,” Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 15, no. 1 (2009): 121; Zenon Zawada, “Kyiv conference focuses on World War II and hisotrical memory,” Ukrainian Weekly, no. 44, November 1, 2009, 18. On Yukhnovs’kyi’s sympathies for the “Social Nationalists,” see Lilia Kuzik, “Ihor Iokhnovs’kyi: Ta derzhava zh mala utvorytysia. I ia robiv, shchob vona utvorylas’,” Zaxid.net, August 11, 2011. http://zaxid.net/home/showSingleNews.do?igor_yuhnovskiyta_derzhava_zh_mala_utvoritisya_i_ya_vse_robiv_shhob_vona_utvorilas&objectId=1233429 (accessed October 2, 2011) The Social-Nationalist Party of Ukraine (SNPU) mobilized the neo-fascist right and used an SS symbol as party emblem. In 2004 it was renamed the All-Ukrainian accociation Svoboda. Anton Shekhovtsov, “The Creeping Resurgence of the Ukrainian Radical Right? The Case of the Freedom Party,” Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 63, No. 2, (March 2011): 213.

OUN(b) veteran Volodymyr Kosyk serves as its honorary director, and Petro Sodol (b. 1935), aformer president of the OUN(z)-affiliated publishing house Prolog in New York and a senior member of the Ukrainian nationalist youth organization Plast. http://upa.in.ua/book/?page_id=5#zabilyj (accessed December 15, 2010). On Plast and SUM in the diaspora, see Per A. Rudling, “Multiculturalism, Memory, and Ritualization: Ukrainian Nationalist Monuments in Edmonton, Alberta,” Nationalities Papers, Vol. 39, no. 5 (September, 2011): 738–739.

For a list of the TsDVR’s intellectual collaborators and partners, see http://cdvr.org.ua/content/партнери (accessed October 1, 2011)

News release of the Center for the Research of the Liberation Movement, TsDVR, Informatsiina dovidka; http://upa.in.ua/book/?page_id=7 (accessed December 15, 2010).

Sofi a Hrachova, “Unknown Victims: Ethnic-Based Violence of the World War II Era in Ukrainian Politics of History after 2004,” paper presented at the Fourth Annual Danyliw Research Seminar in Contemporary Ukrainian Studies, Chair of Ukrainian Studies, University of Ottawa, October 23–25, 2008, 9.

Endorsement by “Ihor Yukhnovs’kyi, Academician, head of the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory,” in Volodymyr V’’iatrovych, ed., Ukrains’ka Povstans’ka Armiia: Istoriia neskorenykh (Kyiv: Tsentr doslidzhen’ vyzvol’noho rukhu, 2007), back cover.

“Instytut natsional’noi pam’’iati zvernuvsia do Iushchenka, aby vin prysvoiv Romanu Shukhevychu zvannia Heroia Ukrainy,” Zik: syla informatsii, July 2, 2007: http://zik.com.ua/ua/ news/2007/07/02/80305 (accessed October 15, 2010).

On the state honoring of Stets’ko, see Viktor Yushchenko, “Ukaz prezydenta Ukrainy No. 416/2007 Pro vshanuvannia pam’iati Iaroslava Stets’ka i Iaroslavy Stets’ko”: http://www.president.gov.ua/documents/6145.html (accessed April 10, 2008). On the cult of Shukhevych, see Per A. Rudling, “The Shukhevych Cult in Ukraine: Myth Making with Complications,” World War II and the (Re)Creation of Historical Memory in Contemporary Ukraine, Kyiv, September 25, 2009. Available online http://ww2-histroricalmemory.org.ua/abstract_e.html (accessed October 11, 2009). On Bandera, see Amar, Balyns’kyi, and Hrytsak, Strasti za Banderoiu. In December 2010, the Kyiv city council declared that they will rename city streets after Shukhevych, Stest’ko, and Mel’nyk. “Na Oboloni z’’iavyt’sia vulitsia Romana Shukhevycha,” Ukrains’ka pravda: Istorychna pravda, December 16, 2010: http://www.istpravda.com.ua/short/2010/12/16/9227/ (accessed December 17, 2010).

Swedish historian Göran B. Nilsson describes the Soviet practice of writing history from the perspective of a constantly changing present as “chronological imperialism.” Göran B. Nilsson, “Historia som humaniora,” Historisk Tidsskrift no. 1 (1989): 1, 4.

To commemorate the centennial of the birth of the OUN poet Olena Teliha, President Yushchenko in 2006 issued a presidential decree to erect a memorial “to her and her associates” in Babin Yar, where her body had been buried in 1942. Aleksandr Burakovs’kyi, “Istoriia memoralizatsii evreiskoi tragedii v Bab’em Iaru za god ee 70-letiia: pozor Ukrainy,” My Zdes’, no. 278: http://www.newswe.com/index.php?go=Pages&in=view&id=2725 (accessed October 3, 2010), citing Yushchenko decree No. 416/2006. In Drohobych, a monument to Bandera has been erected at the site of the former ghetto. Omer Bartov, Erased: Vanishing Traces of Jewish Galicia in Present-Day Ukraine (Princeton, Conn.:Princeton University Press, 2007), 52–53.