Пер Рудлинг: ОУН и УПА: исследования о создании "исторических " мифов. Сборник статей

Myroslav Kal'ba, U lavakh druzhynnykiv (Denver: Vydannia Druzhyn ukrains'kykh nat sionalistiv, 1982), 9-10; BA Berlin-Lichterfelde: NS 26 (Hauptarchiv NSDAP)/1198, I. 1 (Information leaflet no. 1, 1 July 1941).

BA Berlin-Lichterfelde: NS 26/1198, ll. 1, 12 (Niederschrift uber die Rucksprache mit den Mitgliedem des ukrainischen Nationalkomitees und Stepan Bandera von 3.7.1941).

Ibid., l. 2.

Ibid., ll. 1–3. For Sheptyts'kyi's pastoral letter, see OUN v svitli postanov Velykykh Zboriv (s.l.: Zakordonni chastyny Orhanizatsii Ukrains'kykh Natsionalistiv, 1955), 58.

For an OUN-B instruction to erect triumphal arches, see TsDAVOV f. 4620, op. 3, spr. 379, l.34 (Instruktsiia propahandy, ch. 1). For pictures and descriptions of triumphal arches, see V. Cherednychenko, Natsionalizm proty natsii (Kyiv: Politvydav Ukrainy, 1970), 93; Grelka, Die ukrainische Nationalbewegung, 256; Archiwum Wschodnie (AW) II/737, l.25; and the cover of Aleksandr Diukov, Vtorostepennyi vrag: OUN, UPA i reshenie "evreiskogo voprosa" (Moscow: Regnum, 2008).

BA Berlin-Lichterfelde: R 58 (Reichssicherheitshauptamt)/214, Ereignismeldungen UdSSR, Berlin, 17 July 1941, no. 25, l. 202.

TsDAVOV f. 4620, op. 3, spr. 379, l. 34.

TsDAVOV f. 3833, op. 1, spr. 15, l. 4 (Zvit pro robotu v spravi orhanizatsii derzhavnoi administratsii na tereni Zakhidnykh oblastei Ukrainy). For a photo of Sheptyts'kyi with a swastika badge on his coat during the revolution, see B. E Sabrin, Alliance for Murder: The Nazi-Ukrainian Nationalist Partnership in Genocide (New York: Sarpedon, 1991), 172.

TsDAVOV f. 3833, op. 1, spr. 45, l.3. By claming that he "saw Bandera twice under the gallows unconquerable and loyal to the idea," Klymiv meant the trials against the OUN in 1935-36 in Warsaw and in 1936 in L'viv, at which Bandera was sentenced to death but was said not to have expressed any fear. At the second trial the death penalty was changed to life imprisonment.

The picture of a German officer and two men in plain clothes at the podium is printed in Cherednychenko, Natsionalizm praty natsii, 93. For the date of this event, see TsDAVOV f. 3833, op. 1, spr. 15, l. 15.

TsDAVOV f. 3833, op. 1, spr. 22, ll. 1–3.

Ibid., op. 3, spr. 7, l. 26.

Ibid., op. 1, spr. 10, l. 4 (A list of deputies of the Ukrainian government abroad).

BA Berlin-Lichterfelde, R 58/214, Ereignismeldungen UdSSR. Berlin, 4 July 1941, no. 12, I. 69. On the Council of Seniors, see also TsDAVOV f. 3833, op. 1, spr. 15, l.3.

On all the projects of the state apparatus drafted by Stepaniak, see Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF) f. R-9478 (Glavnoe upravlenie po bor'be s banditizmom MVD SSR), op. 1, d. 136, ll. 14–15. On Stepaniak's communist activities in the 1930s, see ibid., l. 10.

TsDAVOV f. 3833, op. 1, spr. 9, 11. 1, 3 (Copy of the minutes of the meeting of the Administration of Ukraine). Ukrainian postavyty spravupo nimets "ky. Ibid., 1.1. For a very similar statement about dealing with the "non-Ukrainians" in "Ukraine," see ibid., spr. 69, 1.36.

On the pogroms in western Ukraine, see Dieter Pohl, "Anti-Jewish Pogroms in Western Ukraine-A Research Agenda," in Shared History-Divided Memory: Jews and Others in Soviet-Occupied Poland, 1939–1941, ed. Elazar Barkan, Elizabeth A. Cole, and Kai Struve (Leipzig: Leipziger Universitatsverlag, 2007), 305-13; and Gabriele Lesser, "Pogromy w Galicji Wschodniej w 1941 r," in Ternary polsko-ukrainskie, ed. Robert Traba (Olsztyn: Wspolnota Kulturowas Borussia, 2001), 103-26. Similar waves of pogroms also broke out shortly after the start of the German-Soviet war in northeastern Poland and in Lithuania. For pogroms in Poland, see Andrzej Zbikowski, "Pogroms in Northeastern Poland-Spontaneous Reactions and German Instigations," in Shared History-Divided Memory, 315-54. For pogroms in Lithuania, see Christoph Dieckmann, "Lithuania in Summer 194l-The German Invasion and the Kaunas Pogrom," in Shared History-Divided Memory, ed. Barkan, Cole, and Struve, 355-85.

The pogrom started on 30 June 1941 or even before. For testimonies that date the beginning of the violence to 1 July 1941, see Kurt I. Lewin, Przezytem: Saga Swietego Jura spisana w roku 1946(Warszawa: Zeszyty literackie, 2006), 56–57; and ZIH 229/54, Teka Lwowska, 1.2. For the course of the pogrom in L'viv, see Christoph Mick, "Ethnische Gewalt und Pogrome in Lemberg 1914 und 1941," Osteuropa 53, 12 (2003): 1810-11, 1824-29; Hannes Heer, "Einubung in den Holocaust: Lemberg Juni/Juli 1941," Zeitschrift fur Geschichtswissenschafi 49 (2001): 410, 424; Bruder, Den ukrainischen Staat erkampfen oder sterben, 140-50; Grelka, Die ukrainische Nationalbewegung, 276-86; Dieter Pohl, Nationalsozialistische Judenverfolgung in Ostgalizien 1941–1944: Organisation und Durchfuhrung eines staatlichen Massenverbrechens (Munich: Oldenbourg, 1997), 60–62; and Wachs, Der Fall Theodor Oberlander (1909–1998), 71, 78–80. For posters and other OUN-B propaganda in L'viv during the pogrom, see Jan Rogowski, "Lwow pod znakiem swastyki: Pamietnik z lat 1941–1942" (unpublished manuscript) in Zaklad narodowy im. Ossolinskich in Wroclaw, 16711/II, 10; Lewin, Przezylem, 65; Eliyahu Yones, Die Strasse nach Lemberg: Zwangsarbeit und Widerstand in Ostgalizien 1941–1944 (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch, 1999), 18; and Diukov, Vtorostepennyi vrag, 47–52. According to Diukov, some soldiers of the Nachtigall battalion participated in the violence in L'viv as well (Vtorostepennyi vrag, 71–72). Eyewitnesses saw soldiers from the Nachtigall battalion beating Jews on 1 July in the yard of the prison on Zamarstynivs'ka Street (AZIH, 30/12242, Zygmunt Tune, 1; Lewin, Przezytem, 61).

Mick, "Ethnische Gewalt und Pogrome in Lemberg 1914 und 1941," Osteuropa 53, 12 (2003): 1825. During this pogrom, 4,000 Jews were killed. In addition, on 5 July, between 2,500 and 3,000 Jews were shot by the German task forces. Cf. Pohl, Nationalsozialistische Judenverfalgung in Ostgalizien 1941–1944, 61, 69. Between 25 and 28 July 1941 another pogrom, dubbed the "Petliura days," occurred in L'viv. Several hundred Jews were killed, mainly by Ukrainian militiamen and Ukrainian peasants who came to L'viv from adjacent villages to take part in the violence. Cf. AZIH, 301/230, Jakub Dentel, 2; AZIH, 301/1864, Salomon Goldman, 5; AZIH, 301/4654, Henryk Szyper, 11; AZIH, 301/1584, Izak Weiser, 1; AZIH, 302/26, Lejb Wieliczker, 21; AZIH, 301/4944, Jan Badian, 1–6; AZIH, 301/1117, Leonard Zimmerman, 1; AZIH, 301/1801, Henryk Baldinger, 1–4; and AZIH, 301/2278, Lucyna Hallensberg, I.

Dieter Pohl, "Anti-Jewish Pogroms in Western Ukraine," in Shared History-Divided Memory, ed. Barkan, Cole, and Struve, 306.

TsDAVOV f. 3833, op. 2, spr. 1, l.32.

Ibid., ll. 62, 64. All Ukrainian men between 18 and 50 who were obliged to join the militia were to have been divided into professional militiamen who were employed full-time and reserve forces ("volunteer members"-chleny-dobrovol'tsi) who earned a living elsewhere but could be mobilized at any time.

Ibid., l.62.