Юваль Ной Харари - Sapiens. Краткая история человечества

Johannes Nicolaisen, Ecology and Culture of the Pastoral Tuareg (Copenhagen: National Museum, 1963), 63.

Angus Maddison, The World Economy , vol. 2 (Paris: Development Centre of the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development, 2006), 636; “Historical Estimates of World Population”, U.S. Census Bureau, accessed December 10, 2010, http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldhis. html.

Robert B. Mark, The Origins of the Modern World: A Global and Ecological Narrative (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2002), 24.

Raymond Westbrook, ‘Old Babylonian Period’, in A History of Ancient Near Eastern Lawy vol. I, ed. Raymond Westbrook (Leiden: Brill, 2003), 361-430; Martha T. Roth, Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor, 2nd ed. (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997), 71-142; M. E. J. Richardson, Hammurabis Laws: Text , Translation and Glossary (London: T&T Clark International, 2000).

Roth, Law Collections from Mesopotamia, 76.

Roth, Law Collections from Mesopotamia , 121.

Roth, Law Collections from Mesopotamia , 122-123.

Roth, Law Collections , 133-134.

Constance Brittaine Bouchard, Strong of Body, Brave and Noble: Chivalry and Society in Medieval France (New York: Cornell University Press, 1998), 99; Mary Martin McLaughlin, ‘Survivors and Surrogates: Children and Parents from the Ninth to Thirteenth Centuries’, in Medieval Families: Perspectives on Marriage , Household and Children , ed. Carol Neel (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004), 81 n. 81; Lise E. Hull, Britain s Medieval Castles (Westport: Praeger, 2006), 144.

Andrew Robinson, The Story of Writing (New York: Thames and Hudson, 1995), 63; Hans J. Nissen, Peter Damerow and Robert K. Englung, Archaic Bookkeeping: Writing and Techniques of Economic Administration in the Ancient Near East (Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press, 1993), 36.

Marcia and Robert Ascher, Mathematics of the Incas- Code of the Quipu (New York: Dover Publications, 1981).

Gary Urton. Signs of the Inka Khipu (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2003); Galen Brokaw. A History of the Khipu (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010).

Stephen D. Houston (ed.), The First Writing: Script Invention as History and Process (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 222.

Sheldon Pollock, ‘Axialism and Empire’, in Axial Civilizations and World History , ed. Johann P. Arnason, S. N. Eisenstadt and Bjorn Wittrock (Leiden: Brill, 2005), 397-451

Harold M. Tanner, China: A History (Indianapolis: Hackett, Pub. Co., 2009), 34.

Ramesh Chandra, Identity and Genesis of Caste System in India (Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, 2005); Michael Bamshad et al., ‘Genetic Evidence on the Origins of Indian Caste Population, Genome Research 11 (2001): 904- 1004; Susan Bayly, Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).

Houston, First Writing , 196.

The Secretary-General, United Nations, Report of the Secretary-General on the In-depth Study on All Forms of Violence Against Women, delivered to the General Assembly, U.N. Doc. А/16/122/Add. 1 (July 6,2006), 89.

Sue Blundell, Women in Ancient Greece (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995), 113-129, 132-133.

Francisco Lopez de Gomara, Historia de la Conquista de Mexico , vol. 1, ed. D. Joaquin Ramirez Cabanes (Mexico City: Editorial Pedro Robredo, 1943), 106.

Andrew M. Watson, ‘Back to Gold — and Silver, Economic History Review 20:1 (1967), 11-12; Jasim Alubudi, Repertorio Bibliografico del Islam (Madrid: Vision Libros, 2003), 194.

Watson, ‘Back to Gold — and Silver’, 17-18.

David Graeber, Debt: The First 5,000 Years (Brooklyn, N.Y.: Melville House, 2011).

Glyn Davies, A History of Money: from Ancient Times to the Present Day (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1994), 15.

Szymon Laks, Music of Another World , trans. Chester A. Kisiel (Evanston, 111.: Northwestern University Press, 1989), 88-89. «Рынок» Освенцима был ограничен определенными категориями заключенных, и условия резко менялись в зависимости от времени.

Niall Ferguson, The Ascent of Money (New York: The Penguin Press, 2008), 4.

Сведения о ячменных деньгах я почерпнул из неопубликованной диссертации: Refael Benvenisti, Economic Institutions of Ancient Assyrian Trade in the Twentieth to Eighteenth Centuries BC (Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, 2011). См. также Norman Yoffee, ‘The Economy of Ancient Western Asia’, in Civilizations of the Ancient Near East , vol. 1, ed. J.M. Sasson (New York: C. Scribners Sons, 1995), 1387-1399; R. К. Englund, ‘Proto-Cuneiform Account-Books and Journals’, in Creating Economic Order: Record-keepingy Standardization, and the Development of Accounting in the Ancient Near East , ed. Michael Hudson and Cornelia Wunsch (Bethesda, MD: CDL Press, 2004), 21-46; Marvin A. Powell, ‘A Contribution to the History of Money in Mesopotamia prior to the Invention of Coinage, in Festschrift Lubor MatouS , ed. B. Hruska and G. Komoroczy (Budapest: Eotvos Lorand Tudomanyegyetem, 1978), 211— 243; Marvin A. Powell, ‘Money in Mesopotamia, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient , 39:3 (1996), 224-242; John F. Robertson, ‘The Social and Economic Organization of Ancient Mesopotamian Temples’, in Civilizations of the Ancient Near East , vol. 1, ed. Sasson, 443-500; M. Silver, ‘Modern Ancients’, in Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World: Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction , ed. R. Rollinger and U. Christoph (Stuttgart: Steiner, 2004), 65-87; Daniel C. Snell, ‘Methods of Exchange and Coinage in Ancient Western Asia, in Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, vol. 1, ed. Sasson, 1487-1497.

Nahum Megged, The Aztecs (Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1999 [Hebrew]), 103.

Тацит. Агрикола, гл. XXX. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1958), pp. 220-221.

A. Fienup-Riordan, The Nelson Island Eskimo: Social Structure and Ritual Distribution (Anchorage: Alaska Pacific University Press, 1983), p. 10.

Yuri Pines, ‘Nation States, Globalization and a United Empire — the Chinese Experience (third to fifth centuries BC)’, Historia 15 (1995), 54 [Hebrew].