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Yoko Nishikawa, “Japan Geothermal Projects Pick Up After 20 Years: Report”, Reuters , 4 January 2009; Bertani, op. cit. note 65, pp. 8–9; Lund and Freeston, op. cit. note 68, p. 46.

Werner Bussmann, “Germany: The Geothermal Market is Expanding”, presentation to the Renewable Energy Exhibition, Lyon, Paris, 25–28 February 2009; Jane Burgermeister, “Geothermal Electricity Booming in Germany”, Renewable Energy World , 2 June 2008; UNEP, op. cit. note 73.

DOE, EERE, “Energy Savers: Geothermal Heat Pumps”, материал обновлен 24 февраля 2009 г., и “Energy Savers: Benefits of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems”, материал обновлен 30 декабря 2008 г. — см.: www.energysavers.gov; Burgermeister, op. cit. note 75.

Iceland National Energy Authority and Ministries of Industry and Commerce, Geothermal Development and Research in Iceland (Reykjavik, Iceland: April 2006), p. 16; World Bank, op. cit. note 67.

Lund and Freeston, op. cit. note 68, pp. 34, 51, 53.

World Bank, op. cit. note 67.

Там же.

Lund and Freeston, op. cit. note 68, pp. 46, 53.

Данные по США взяты из работы: Tester et al., op. cit. note 68; данные по Японии, рассчитанные на основе предположения о том, что Усовершенствованные Геотермальные Системы смогут удвоить потенциал, оцениваемый 72 000 мегаватт, взяты из работы: Hirofumi Muraoka et al., “Assessment of Hydrothermal Resource Potentials in Japan 2008”, Abstract of Annual Meeting of Geothermal Research Society of Japan (Kanazawa, Japan: 2008); Hirofumi Muraoka, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, послание, отправленное по электронной почте Дж. Мэттью Роуни, Earth Policy Institute, 13 июля 2009 г.

Stephen R. Gliessman, Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems , 2nd ed. (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2006), p. 256; Pew Center on Global Climate Change, “Climate TechBook: Solar Power”, fact sheet (Arlington, VA: May 2009); Richter, Teske, and Short, op. cit. note 52, pp. 18–19.

Ralph P. Overend and Anelia Milbrandt, “Potential Carbon Emissions Reductions from Biomass by 2030” — в книге: Kutscher, op. cit. note 51, pp. 112–130; DOE, op. cit. note 51, p. 24.

Swedish Energy Agency, Energy in Sweden 2008 (Eskilstuna, Sweden: December 2008), pp. 96, 111.

Данные о населении взяты из публикации: Census Bureau, op. cit. note 1; Anders Rydaker, “Biomass for Electricity & Heat Production”, presentation at Bionergy North America 2007, Chicago, IL., 16 April 2007.

Oglethorpe Power Corporation, “Oglethorpe Power Announces Plans to Build Biomass Electric Generating Facilities”, press release (Tucker, GA: 18 September 2008).

World Alliance for Decentralized Energy, Bagasse Cogeneration — Global Review and Potential (Washington, DC: June 2004), p. 32; данные о производстве сахара взяты из публикации: U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Production, Supply and Distribution , электронная база данных — см.: www.fas.usda.gov/psfonline, обновлено 9 апреля 2009 г.

Waste to Energy Conference, “Power and Heat for Millions of Europeans”, press release (Bremen, Germany: 20 April 2007); Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy Plants, “2008 Country Reports on Waste Management” — см.: www.cewep.eu, просмотрено 23 июля 2009 г.; Jeffrey Morris, “Comparative LCAs for Curbside Recycling Versus Either Landfilling or Incineration with Energy Recovery”, International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment , vol. 10, No. 4 (July 2005), pp. 273–284.

Puget Sound Energy, “King County, PSE, and BIO Energy-Washington Teaming Up to Generate Green Energy from Landfill Gas”, press release (Seattle, WA: 6 April 2009).

Ray C. Anderson, presentation at Chicago Climate Exchange, Chicago, IL., 14 June 2006.

F. O. Licht, “World Fuel Ethanol Production”, World Ethanol and Biofuels Report , vol. 7, No. 18 (26 May 2009), p. 365; F. O. Licht, “Biodiesel: World Production, by Country”, World Ethanol and Biofuels Repor t, vol. 7, No. 14 (26 March 2009), p. 288.

F. O. Licht, “World Fuel Ethanol Production”, op. cit. note 92, p. 365; Bill Guerin, “European Blowback for Asian Biofuels”, Asia Times , 8 February 2007.

Timothy Searchinger et al., Use of U. S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases through Emissions from Land-Use Change”, Science , vol. 319 (29 February 2008), pp. 1238–1240.

Joseph Fargione et al., “Land Clearing and the Biofuel Carbon Debt”, Science , vol. 319 (29 February 2008), pp. 1235–1238.

“Biofools”, The Economist , 11 April 2009; P. J. Crutzen et al., “N2O Release from Agro-biofuel Prduction Negates Global Warming Reduction by Replacing Fossil Fuels”, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , vol. 8 (29 January 2008), pp. 389–395; реакция производителей биотоплива на эти открытия описана в работе: Lauren Etter, “Ethanol Craze Cools As Doubts Multiply”, Wall Street Journal , 28 November 2007; R. W. Howarth and Stefan Bringezu, eds., Biofuels: Environmental Consequences and Interactions with Changing Land Use , Proceedings of the Scientific Committee on Problems of Enivironment (SCOPE) International Biofuels Project Rapid Assessment, 22–25 September 2008 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, 2009), pp. 1–13.

DOE, EERE, “Starch— and Sugar-Based Ethanol Feedstocks” — см.: www. afdc.energy.gov/afdc/ethanol/feedstock_starch_sugar.html, обновлено 4 февраля 2009 г.; DOE and USDA, Biomass as Feedstock for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry: The Technical Feasibility of a Billion-Ton Annual Supply (Washington, DC: April 2005); Jason Hill et al., “Environmental, Economic, and Energetic Costs and Benefits of Biodiesel and Ethanol Biofuels”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol. 103, No. 30 (25 July 2006), pp. 11206–11210; M. R. Schmer et al., “Net Energy of Cellulosic Ethanol from Switchgrass”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol. 105, No. 2 (15 January 2008), pp. 464–469; Purdue University, Department of Agricultural Communication, “Fast-Growing Trees Could Take Root as Future Energy Source”, press release (West Lafayette, IN: 23 August 2006).

J. E. Campbell, D. B. Lobell, and C. B. Field, “Greater Transportation Energy and GHC Ofsetts from Bioelectricity than Ethanol”, Science, vol. 324 (22 May 2009), pp. 1055–10157; DOE and USDA, op. cit. note 97, pp. i — ii.