Лестер Браун - Как избежать климатических катастроф?: План Б 4.0 - спасение цивилизации

Lester R. Brown, “The Flawed Economics of Nuclear Power”, Plan B Update (Washington DC: Earth Policy Institute, 28 October 2008).

International Telecommunication Union, “Key Global Telecom Indicators for the World Telecommunication Service Sector”, см.: www.itu.int/ ITU-D/ict/statistics/at_glance/KeyTelecom99.htm, материал обновлен 10 марта 2009; Molly O. Sheehan, “Mobile Phone Use Booms”, в Worldwatch Institute, Vital Signs 2002 (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2002), p. 85.

“Historical USA PC Sales” and “Historical Worldwide PC Sales”, tables in Computer Industry Almanac Inc., Worldwide PC Market (Arlington Heights, IL: September 2008); European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA), Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics Until 2013 (Brussels: April 2009), pp. 3–4; Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC), Global Wind 2008 Report (Brussels: 2009), p. 10.

Archer and Jacobson, “Evaluation of Global Windpower”, op. cit. note 7; Hu et al., op. cit. note 7.

Elliott, Wendell, and Gower, op. cit. note 7; Archer and Jacobson, “The Spatial and Temporal Distributions of U. S. Winds”, op. cit. note 7; шельфовый потенциал из данных NREL, приведенных в U. S. Minerals Management Service, Survey of Available Data on OCS Resources and Identification of Data Gaps, Report to the Secretary, U. S. Department of the Interior (Washington, DC: April 2009), pp. 1–11 to 1–14.

European Wind Energy Association (EWEA), “Seas of Change: Offshore Wind Energy”, fact sheet (Brussels: February 2009); Garrad Hassan and Partners, Sea Wind Europe (London: Greenpeace, March 2004).

GWEC, op. cit. note 10, pp. 3, 10, 24.

Данные по Дании из GWEC, “Interactive WorldMap”, см.: www.gwec. net/index.php? id=126, просмотрено автором 29 мая 2009 г.; данные по Германии из GWEC, op. cit. note 10, pp. 34–35.

Flemming Hansen, “Denmark to Increase Wind Power to 50 % by 2025, Mostly Offshore”, Renewable Energy Access , 5 December 2006.

GWEC, op. cit. note 10, pp. 33, 48–49.

AWEA, “U. S. Wind Energy Industry Installs Over 2,800 MW in First Quarter”, press release (28 April 2009); AWEA, U. S. Wind Energy Projects, op. cit. note 1; AWEA and Solar Energy Industries Association, Green Power Superhighways: Building a Path to America’s Clean Energy Future (Washington, DC: February 2009).

Southern California Edison, The Tehachapi Renewable Transmission Project: Greening the Grid (Los Angeles: March 2008); Paul Klein, Media Relations Group, Southern California Edison, discussion with Jonathan G. Dorn, Earth Policy Institute, 22 October 2007; “Clipper and BP to JV”, op. cit. not 2; Carl Levesque, “Super-Size It: Mega-Wind Farm Proposals Prolifirate”, Wind Energy Weekly, vol. 27, no. 1303 (22 August 2008).

“Maine Legislature Unanimously Approves Wind Recommendations”, Wind Energy Weekly , vol. 27, no 1286 (1 August 2008); данные о населении из Census Bureau, op. cit. note 1; запущенные мощности из AWEA, U. S. Wind Energy Projects , op. cit. note 1; данные по Нью-Йорку взяты из работы: Matthew L. Wald, “Wind Energy Bumps Into Power Grid’s Limits”, New York Times , 27 August 2008; “Oregon Siting Council Green-Lights 909-MW Wind Farm”, Wind Energy Weekly , vol. 27, no. 1300 (1 August 2008).

Cape Wind, “Project at a Glance”, см.: www.capewind.org/article24. htm, просмотрено автором 14 апреля 2009 г.; данные по Род-Айленду из “Deepwater to Start Building R. I. Wind Farm in 2010”, Reuters , 8 January 2009; “LIPA & Con Edison Eye Offshore Wind Power”, Renewable Energy World , 25 March 2009; “Garden State Offshore Energy Wins Bid for Offshore Wind Farm”, Renewable Energy World , 6 October 2008; “Bluewater Wind Signs Contract for Sale of Offshore Wind Power”, Renewable Energy World , 24 June 2008; 1 мегаватта достаточно для обеспечения 300 семей — из источников, приведенных в ссылке 2.

Willett Kempton et al., “Large CO2 Reduction Via Offshore Wind Power Matched to Inherent Storage in Energy End-Uses”, Geophysical Research Letters , vol. 34 (24 January 2007); Steve Gelsi, “Green-Collar Pioneers Eye Offshore Wind Riches”, MarketWatch, 8 October 2008; Walt Musial “Deepwater Offshore Wind Technology Research Requirements”, poster prepared for AWEA WindPower 2005 Conference, Denver, CO, 12–18 May 2005.

U. N. Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Population Database , см.: esa.un.org/unpp, материал обновлен 11 марта 2009; Archer and Jacobson, “Evaluation of Global Windpower”, op. cit. note 7; GWEC, op. cit. note 10, p. 22; “A Window of North Atlantic Opportunity”, op. cit. note 2.

GWEC, op. cit. note 10, pp. 3, 24–27; Liming Qiao, Policy Director, GWEC, в электронном письме к J. Matthew Roney, Earth Policy Institute, 29 April 2009.

Турбина мощностью 2 мегаватта, действующая 36 % времени, вырабатывает в год 6,3 миллиона киловатт/часов; данные о мощности взяты из публикации: DOE, NREL, op. cit. note 1; полная стоимость электричества из DOE, Wholesale Market Data, — электронная база данных — см.: www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity, материал обновлен 22 апреля 2009; Renewable Fuels Association, Homegrown for the Homeland: Ethanol Industry Outlook 2005 (Washington, DC: 2005); кукурузы на акр и этанола на бушель взято усредненно из Allen Baker et al., “Ethanol Reshapes the Corn Market”, Amber Waves , vol. 4, no. 2 (April 2006), pp. 32, 34; консервативный прогноз цены этанола в 2 доллара за галлон основан на F. O. Licht, “Biofuels”, World Ethanol and Biofuels Report , vol. 7, no. 15 (14 April 2009), p. 318.

Выплаты за использование земли приведены по оценкам автора на основании Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS), “Farming the Wind: Wind Power and Agriculture”, fact sheet (Cambridge, MA: 2003).

Laurie Jodziewicz, AWEA, электронное письмо автору, 16 October 2007; GWEC and Greenpeace, Global Wind Energy Outlook 2006 (Brussels: 2006).

GWEC, op. cit. note 10, pp. 9–10.

Ward’s Automotive Group, World Motor Vehicle Data 2008 (Southfield, MI: 2008), pp. 239–42; “Trillions in Spending Needed to Meet Global Oil and Gas Demand, Analysis Shows,” International Herald Tribune , 15 October 2007.