Marilynne Robinson - Absence of Mind - The Dispelling of Inwardness from the Modern Myth of the Self

12. Pinker, Blank Slate , 56.

13. Ibid., 69.

14. Pinker, Blank Slate , 42.

15. Kugel, How to Read the Bible , 80.

16. Grotius, On the Truth of the Christian Religion , 11.

17. Ibid., 13.

18. See James, Varieties of Religious Experience , 389, note 10.

TWO The Strange History of Altruism

1. Auguste Comte, A General View of Positivism , trans. J. H. Bridges (London: Trübner, 1865), 34.

2. Ibid., 16.

3. Encyclopaedia Britannica , 11th ed., s.v. “Comte, Auguste (Isidore Auguste Marie François Xavier)”; James, “On Some Hegelisms,” in his Will to Believe , 198, note 3.

4. Spencer, Data of Ethics , 188–189, 201–202.

5. Gazzaniga, Human , 107–108, 109.

6. Ibid., 119.

7. Ibid., 119; Damasio, Descartes’ Error , 56, 33.

8. Wilson, Consilience , 96–97.

9. James, “On Some Hegelisms” 201.

10. Wilson, On Human Nature , 73.

11. Ibid., 156; Gazzaniga, Human , 106 (parentheses in original); Steven Pinker, How the Mind Works (New York: W. W. Norton, 2009), 44.

12. Spencer, Data of Ethics , 212. See Dugatkin, Altruism Equation , 86–106, for a discussion of Hamilton’s work.

13. See Dugatkin, Altruism Equation , 143–146.

14. Ibid., 73.

15. Quoted in ibid., 98.

16. Freud, Beyond the Pleasure Principle , 52.

17. Dawkins, “Selfish Genes and Selfish Mernes,” 143.

18. Searle, Mind , 302–303.

19. Ibid., 81.

THREE The Freudian Self

1. Jung, Memories, Dreams, Reflections , 149–150.

2. Ibid., 150.

3. Ibid., 155.

4. Ibid., 168, 156, 157.

5. Karl Lueger quoted in Ian Kershaw, Hitler: 1889–1936. Hubris (New York: W. W. Norton, 1999), 35.

6. Freud, Future of an Illusion , 6; Spengler, Decline of the West , 182.

7. Freud, Interpretation of Dreams , 137, 196–197; Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents , 61–62.

8. Freud and Bullitt, Thomas Woodrow Wilson , 195–196, 71.

9. Nietzsche, Genealogy of Morals , 19.

10. Spengler, Decline of the West , 250.

11. Spencer, Data of Ethics , 188–189.

12. Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents , 51.

13. There is a recent English translation of Fichte’s Addresses by Gregory Moore (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), the first in eighty-six years. Quotations are taken from the 1922 translation, as reprinted in 1979.

14. Fichte, Addresses to the German Nation , 86.

15. Ibid., 268–269.

16. Spengler, Decline of the West , 350, 352–353.

17. Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents , 33.

18. Oxford English Dictionary , 2nd ed., s.v. “Metaphysics.”

19. Spengler, Decline of the West , 215.

20. Freud, Beyond the Pleasure Principle , 26, 27 (emphasis in original).

21. Ibid., 26–27.

22. Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents , 12–13.

FOUR Thinking Again

1. Wilson, Consilience , 99; Pinker, How the Mind Works , 924–926.

2. Pinker, How the Mind Works , 324–327, 456–459.

3. Rene Descartes, The Method, Meditations, and Philosophy of Descartes , trans. John Veitch (N.p.: M. Walter Dunne, 1901), 270.

4. Pinker, How the Mind Works , 4, 64, 21, 30.

5. Wilson, On Human Nature , 201.

6. Psalms 8:4; Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents , 21–23.

7. Pinker, How the Mind Works , 556, 561.

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