Mark Bowden - Guests of the Ayatollah

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On November 4, 1979, a group of radical Islamist students, inspired by the revolutionary Iranian leader Ayatollah Khomeini, stormed the U.S. embassy in Tehran. They took fifty-two Americans hostage, and kept nearly all of them hostage for 444 days. The Iran hostage crisis was a watershed moment in American history. It was America’s first showdown with Islamic fundamentalism, a confrontation at the forefront of American policy to this day. It was also a powerful dramatic story that captivated the American people. Communities across the country launched yellow ribbon campaigns. ABC began a new late-night television news program—which would become Nightline—recapping the latest events in the crisis, and counting up the days of captivity. The hostages’ families became celebrities, and the never-ending criticism of the government’s response crippled Jimmy Carter’s reelection campaign. In the end, the crisis changed the way Americans see themselves, their country, and the rest of the world.
In
, Mark Bowden, “a master of narrative journalism” (
), tells this sweeping story through the eyes of the hostages, the soldiers in a new special forces unit sent on the impossible mission to free them, their radical, naive captors, and the diplomats working to end the crisis. Bowden takes us inside the hostages’ cells, detailing their daily lives, and inside the Oval Office for meetings with President Carter and his exhausted team. We travel to international capitals where shadowy figures held clandestine negotiations, and to the deserts of Iran, where a courageous, desperate attempt to rescue the hostages exploded into tragic failure.
This is Mark Bowden’s first major work since
. He spent five years researching the crisis, including numerous trips to Iran and countless interviews with those involved on both sides.
is a remarkably detailed, brilliantly re-created, and suspenseful account of a crisis that gripped and ultimately changed the world.

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Lijek, Cora

Lijek, Mark

Limbert, John Jr.

after returning home

background

Belk, Hohman, and

books read by

brought to vault

capture of

on Carter

Charles Jones and

on Christmas 1979 event

conversations with guards

escaping contemplated by

expectations of rescue

hopes for release

interrogations

Iran-Iraq war and

Kalp and

on Khomeini

Kupke, Graves, and

learned about rescue attempt

learned that provisional government resigned

Lee Holland and

letters

love for Iran

medical exam

mock execution and

Mohammed and

Montazari and

moved after failed rescue mission

moved back to chancery

moved to private home

moved to top floor of chancery

negotiation with demonstrators

political views

relations with captors

release and return home

response to invasion

on revolution

room at Komiteh

on television

terrified

threats to kill

Limbert, John W. Sr.

Limbert, Parvaneh

Linderman, Jimmy

litigation

“Little Ali”

London

Long, Wayne

Lopez, Jimmy

capture of

mock execution and

release and return home

shorted out electricity in chancery

Luce, Clare Boothe

Lugar, Richard

MacNeil, Robert

Mahmoud

mail

blocked

from hostages. See also under specific hostages

from strangers

Majlis

Khomeini on

Mandani, Ahmad

Maples, Ladel

marines. See also specific marine hostages

“Mary.” See Ebtekar, Nilufar

Masirah, Oman

Mass, materialism

McAfee, Carl

McBroom, Bud

McGovern, George

McGuire, B. J.

McKenna, Frank

McLain, James

Meadows, Dick

media. See also newspapers; television; specific topics

Carter and

decline in coverage of hostage crisis

families of hostages and the

interviews of hostages. See also specific hostages

rescue mission and

viewed by Iranian students as an ally

medical care for hostages

Mehrabad Airport

Metrinko, Harry

Metrinko, Michael

after returning home

Akbar and

Ali Sharsar and

anger

attacks on Khomeini

awards

background

beatings

Behrouz Sharsar and

books read by

boredom and despair

Christmas events and

clergymen and

correspondence with Bowden

daily life during captivity

food and

Ghotbzadeh on

guards’ hostility toward

Hamilton Jordan and

handcuffed for two weeks

interrogations

invitation to visit Germany

Iran-Iraq war and

letters from family

letters to parents

Limbert and

love for Iran

moved after failed rescue mission

moved from consulate waiting room to chancery basement

moved to Tehran mansion

parents

personality

at Qasr prison

in “punishment” cell

reaction to initial protests

reaction to invasion

read that hostages escaped

release and return home

religion and

return to Evin

on the revolution

Roeder and

solitary confinement

“spy document”

suspected of spying

Swift and

view of his behavior in captivity

Meyer, Edward C.

Miele, Jerry

suicide attempt

television film of

military options of U.S. See also United States, punitive options against Iran

Miller, Scott

Miller, William

mining the harbors

ministers. See also clergymen

American, seeking “spiritual resolution” to crisis

Miramar Naval Air Station

Mirdamadi, Mohsen

mock execution of hostages

Moeller, Mike

Mohammed (guard)

monarchy, Iranian/Persian. See also Pahlevi monarchy

Mondale, Walter

Montagne, Elizabeth

Montazari, Husayn-ali

Moore, Bert

“moral patriotism”

Morefield, Dorothea “Dottie”

Morefield, Richard

background

on being released

capture of

cell at Evin

Ebtekar and

moved from embassy to a basement

Rupiper and

morning meeting

mosque network

Mossadeq, Mohammed

Moston, Gary

Muhammad

mullahocracy

mullahs

Mushroom Inn. See also specific hostages

library at

Muskie, Ed

Muslim Students Following the Imam’s Line. See also hostage takers

Khomeini and

Nabavi, Bezhad

Naimipoor, Mohammad

National Security Council

National Students Day

native Americans

naval blockade

NBC

Needham, Paul

Nelson, Jack

New Year, Iran’s

New York Daily News

New York Times

News-Tribune of Tacoma, Washington

Newsom, David Dunlop

newspapers. See also specific newspapers

Kuwaiti

Nimitz aircraft carrier

nuclear war, fear of

nurses

“October surprise” theory

Ode, Bob

anger

Ann Swift and, background

Bruce German and

captured

Christmas events and

Coffin and

diary entries

expected Carter to attempt rescue

Hamid and

health problems

Hohman and

mock execution and

moved after failed rescue mission

relations with roommates

release and return home

on television

view of his behavior in captivity

visa applications and

Ode, Rita

oil

and the shah

oil crisis

oil exports, Khomeini’s threat to cut off

oil facilities, plan to destroy Iran’s

oil purchases from Iran, banned by Carter

Oman

O’Neill, Thomas P. “Tip”

Pahlavi, Mohammed Reza (shah)

assent to power

background and overview

Bani-Sadr on

Bruce German on

calls for return of the

from Americans

from hostage takers

from hostages

from Khomeini

petition

critics and criticisms of

death

downfall. See also revolution Iranian

entry to United States

Carter and

consequences of

factors that weighed in favor of

warnings about

Yazdi and

financial assets

Gallegos on

international commission to study crimes of. See also under United Nations

Limbert on

Metrinko on

move to Egypt

move to Panama

opinions about allowing him to stay in U.S.

state-sponsored assassination of

supporters

U.S. support for

as (violent) dictator

volunteered to leave U.S.

William Quarles and

Pahlavi monarchy

Pakistan, U.S. embassy in

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

Panama

effort to extradite shah from

shah’s move to

Panama City

Paquin, Donald C. See Ahern, Tom

Patie

Peace Corps. See also Limbert, background

Peacock Throne

Pentagon. See also rescue mission, planning

chiefs’ meeting in “Tank” at

Persian Gulf

warships in

Persinger, Greg

accident while being moved and escape attempt

after returning home

books read by

at Christmas party

Gallegos and

interviews

mock execution and

tear gas released by

Petty, Les

Phoenix Gazette

Pittman, Chuck

plan, the

origin of

Plotkin, Jerry

release and return home

on television

“Point #1” (suggestion of assassinating shah)

police, Iranian. See also embassy takeover

complicity of and lack of response from

political organizations, rival

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