Mark Bowden - Guests of the Ayatollah

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On November 4, 1979, a group of radical Islamist students, inspired by the revolutionary Iranian leader Ayatollah Khomeini, stormed the U.S. embassy in Tehran. They took fifty-two Americans hostage, and kept nearly all of them hostage for 444 days. The Iran hostage crisis was a watershed moment in American history. It was America’s first showdown with Islamic fundamentalism, a confrontation at the forefront of American policy to this day. It was also a powerful dramatic story that captivated the American people. Communities across the country launched yellow ribbon campaigns. ABC began a new late-night television news program—which would become Nightline—recapping the latest events in the crisis, and counting up the days of captivity. The hostages’ families became celebrities, and the never-ending criticism of the government’s response crippled Jimmy Carter’s reelection campaign. In the end, the crisis changed the way Americans see themselves, their country, and the rest of the world.
In
, Mark Bowden, “a master of narrative journalism” (
), tells this sweeping story through the eyes of the hostages, the soldiers in a new special forces unit sent on the impossible mission to free them, their radical, naive captors, and the diplomats working to end the crisis. Bowden takes us inside the hostages’ cells, detailing their daily lives, and inside the Oval Office for meetings with President Carter and his exhausted team. We travel to international capitals where shadowy figures held clandestine negotiations, and to the deserts of Iran, where a courageous, desperate attempt to rescue the hostages exploded into tragic failure.
This is Mark Bowden’s first major work since
. He spent five years researching the crisis, including numerous trips to Iran and countless interviews with those involved on both sides.
is a remarkably detailed, brilliantly re-created, and suspenseful account of a crisis that gripped and ultimately changed the world.

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Bijon Apartments, Tehran

Bitaraf, Habibullah

blacks. See African-American hostages; ethnicity, race, and racism

“bladder planes”

Blucker, Robert

Bluff, Pine

“Bob” (CIA officer)

books written by hostages

bordbari (toleration), Iran as land of

Bourget, Christian

process negotiated by

Boykin, Jerry

“Bozo” (guard)

Bradlee, Ben

Bremer, Jack

Brethren, bribes

Britain

British embassy

Brown, Harold

on military action

rescue mission and

Brzezinski, Tadeusz

Brzezinski, Zbigniew

background

Carter and

criticisms of

initial optimism

meeting at Algiers with Yazdi and Bazargan

placed national interest about lives of hostages

proposal to seize Kharg

proposed steps to tighten noose around Iran

rescue mission and

on Soviet Union and Afghanistan

Bureau. See also Khomeini, inner circle

Burruss, Lewis H. “Bucky”

background

rescue mission and

Bush, George H. W.

Bush, George W.

Revolutionary Guards cheering

Byers, Joe

C-53. See Sea Stallion helicopters

C-12 aircraft

C-130 aircraft. See also rescue mission

Cadell, Pat

Canada

Canadian embassy, U.S. embassy workers hiding at (“Canadian Six”)

capitalism

Capucci, Hilarion

Carney, John

Carter, Hodding

Carter, Jimmy

admitting shah to United States

Algeria, Iranian financial assets, and

American criticisms of

anger

announcement of release of hostages

anticipation of hostage crisis

asked not to make “hostile statement,”

background

Bani-Sadr and

banned oil purchases from Iran

banned travel to Iran

on blockade

broke diplomatic ties with Iran

Brzezinski and

call for allies to join in trade embargo

call for review of visas of Iranians in U.S.

Camp David meetings

change of mood

on commission to study crimes of shah

crackdown and “tough tactics”

criticisms of. See also rescue mission, aftermath and ramifications

Darrell Rupiper and

Daugherty on

electoral primaries and

expelled Iran’s diplomatic mission

false report of 10-day deadline set by

families of hostages visited by

fear of hostages being harmed

“final offer”

first informed about hostage crisis

froze Iranian assets

Gallegos interview and

Ghotbzadeh and

Hamilton Jordan and

hostages’ letters and appeals to

initial reaction to hostage crisis

Iranian hostility toward

and Iranian wealth in American banks

Iranians deported by

and Iran’s bait and switch tactics

Jody Powell and

and Khomeini’s new list of demands

Kissinger on

at loss about how to approach Iran

media and

middle-of-the-road approach

moving toward military action

oil crisis and

patience

political cabinet

pragmatism

Precht and

preparation for war

presidential election and

defeat. See also “October surprise” theory

press conferences

public support for

reconnaissance flight authorized by

reluctance to “apologize” for U.S. actions in Iran

reluctance to make threats

reluctance to take military action

rescue mission and

aborting the mission

and concern about killing Iranians

and families’ reactions

insistence on right to call it off

reaction to learning about its failure

Sadeq Khalkali on

sanctions proposed by

secret meeting and plan

on sending Clark and Miller to Tehran

on the shah

shah’s death and

shah’s meetings with

State of the Union address

and threat to execute hostages

Torrijos regime in Panama and

United Nations and

weakness and timidity

Carter administration. See also specific topics

contrasted with Pahlavi monarchy

Casey, William

CBS

“Central Committee”

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). See also “Bob”; classified documents

activity in Iran

Ahern and

briefing to rescue mission about location of hostages

communication with persons inside vault

conspiracy theories and

Daugherty and

Ebtekar on

“Farm” in northern Virginia

Graves and

overthrowing revolutionary leaders

rescue mission and, See also rescue mission

Chamran, Mahdi

chancery, U.S. embassy, See also vault

serving as anti-American museum

Cheney, Dave

Chicago Tribune

Christmas

of 1979

of 1980

Christmas cards

Christmas celebrations

in 1979

in 1980

Christmas greetings, televised. See also Christmas celebrations

Christopher, Warren

Algeria, Iranian financial assets and

rescue mission and

Church, Frank

church and state, separation of

Clark, Ramsey

Clark Air Force Base

Clark/Miller mission

classified documents and equipment, destruction of

seized by Iranians

clergymen. See also ministers visits with hostages

clerics

ascendency of

double-talk

liberal vs. conservative

Coffin, William Sloane

Cold War

communications vault. See vault

communiqué read over radio

conspiracy theories. See also “October surprise” theory

CIA and

consular section

Cooke, Donald

Abbas and

mock execution and

counterfeiting

“Crimes of America” conference

Cronkite, Walter

“cultural revolution”

Cutler, Walter

Daily Mail of Charlestown, West Virginia

Daugherty, Bill

after returning home

Ahmadinejad and

background

beatings/assault

books read by

Bruce German and

CIA and

compromises made by

coping and response to captivity

diary

interrogations

interviews

Iran-Iraq war and

Jim Schaefer and

in Komiteh

medical exam

moved after failed rescue mission

moved to chancery basement

political/diplomatic aims

Queen and

relations with guards

In the Shadow of the Ayatollah

smoking

Tom Schaefer and

Victoria Bassiri and

Davis, Rodney

Declaration of Independence

defense attaché

Delta Force. See also Beckwith, Charlie; rescue mission

after failed rescue mission

men who made up (Delta “operators”)

weapons

democracy. See also election(s)

demonstrations

closing embassy during

demonstrators. See also hostage takers

leadership

Limbert’s negotiations with

troops open firing on leftist

“We only wish to set-in”

“den of spies.” See also “spies” U.S. embassy as

Denmark

Desert One. See also rescue mission

d’Estaing, Giscard

diplomacy

diplomatic immunity

diplomats

disintegrator. See classified documents and equipment, destruction of Donaldson, Sam

Doyle, Ray

dust storms ( haboobs )

Dwyer, Cynthia

Eagle Claw

Easter

Ebadi, Shirin

Ebtekar, Nilufar (“Mary”)

on the American people, background

Barbara Timm and

Daugherty and

Hashemi and

marriage

Hohman and

interrogations

interviews and media appearances

Iran-Iraq war and

Koob, Swift, and

Metrinko and

“October surprise” theory and

Roeder and, on the shah

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