11 Ibid.
1 PRO. DEFE 3/215, and Kummetz, Vice-Admiral Oskar The Diary of Operation Regenbogen, Bundesarchiv.
2 Kummetz, op. cit.
3 Ibid.
4 Brennecke, Jochen Eismeer, Atlantik, Ostee.
5 Ibid.
6 Kummetz, op. cit.
7 Ibid.
8 Ibid.
7 Ibid.
10 Ibid. It is possible that the ‘radio message’ which Vice-Admiral Kummetz mentions here is the three word morse message which German accounts refer to, but is more likely to be the message sent by Admiral Kluber at 11.45 and received by Vice-Admiral Kummetz at 12.55 (see p. 100).
11 Stange, Kapitän zur See Lützow War Diary , Bundesarchiv.
12 Bekker, Cajus (1974) Hitler’s Naval War , MacDonald & Jane’s.
13 PRO. ADM 116/5623.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
16 Raeder, Dr Erich (1957) My Life , Tubingen.
17 Ibid.
18 Ibid.
19 Kummetz, op. cit.
20 Stange, op cit.
21 Ibid.
22 Ibid.
23 Ibid.
24 Ibid.
1 G.H.S.4. German Surface Ships. Policy and Operations. Quoted in PRO. ADM 234/369.
2 M. 052539/43. Quoted in PRO. ADM 234/369.
3 PRO. ADM 199/73.
gConvoys were also suspended from May to July 1944 as all available escorts were required for D-Day.
1 (1998) Jane’s Fighting Ships of World War II , Tiger Books International edition, and Koop, Gerhard & Klaus-Peter Schmolke (2001) Heavy Cruisers of the Admiral Hipper Class , Greenhill Books, Lionel Leventhal Ltd.
2 (1998) Jane’s Fighting Ships of World War II , Tiger Books International edition, and Whitley, M.J. (2000) German Capital Ships of World War II , Cassell.
3 (1998) Jane’s Fighting Ships of World War II , Tiger Books International edition.
4 (1993) German Naval Vessels of W.W.II , compiled by US Naval Intelligence, Greenhill Books, Lionel Leventhal Ltd. and Bekker, Cajus (1974) The German Navy 1939 – 45 , Reed International Books Ltd.
5 PRO. ADM 223/289.
6 PRO. ADM 223/369.
7 PRO. ADM 116/5623.
8 Winton, John (1998) Cunningham , John Murray (Publishers) Ltd.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid.
11 It should be noted that entries in Admiral Hipper ’s War Diary maintain that she sank fourteen of the nineteen ships in SLS64 , total tonnage approaching 80,000 gross. Given that the convoy was unescorted this is perfectly possible, and if correct would make it the most devastating attack on a convoy by a single warship. It is also possible that the British admiralty might only admit the sinking of seven ships, believing that the loss of fourteen to attack from a single warship would have serious morale implications. However, this is speculation.
12 Humble, Richard (1971) Hitler’s High Seas Fleet , Pan/Ballantine.
13 Bekker, Cajus (1974) The German Navy 1939–45 , Reed International Books.
14 http://www.uboat.net/boats/u354.htm.
15 PRO. DEFE 3/215.
16 Pitt, Barrie & Frances (1989) The Chronological Atlas of W.W.II , MacMillan.
1 (1998) Jane’s Fighting Ships of W.W.II. , Tiger Books International, and Lenton, H.T. (1998) British & Empire Warships of the Second World War , Greenhill Books.
2 Ibid.
3 Ibid.
4 Lenton, H.T. (1998) British & Empire Warships of the Second World War , Greenhill Books.
5 Ibid.
6 (1930) Jane’s Fighting Ships.
7 Jane’s Fighting Ships and Lenton, op. cit.
8 (1940) Jane’s Fighting Ships .
9 (1939) Jane’s Fighting Ships.
10 Watts, Anthony J. (1999) The Royal Navy: An Illustrated History , Brockhampton Press.
11 http://www.world-war.co.uk/Southampton/southamponclass.htm
12 Ibid.
13 Whitely, M.J. (1999) Cruisers of World War Two, An International Encyclopedia, Brockhampton Press.
14 Lenton, op. cit.
15 Ibid.
1 (1995) The Oxford Companion to the Second World War , Oxford University Press.
2 Behrens, C.B.A. (1955) History of the Second World War, Merchant Shipping & the Demands of War , HMSO.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
5 Oxford Companion , op. cit.
6 Ibid.
hThe deadweight of a merchant ship equates to the tonnage of cargo carried plus banker fuel and luboils, when fully loaded.
7 Ibid.
8 Sawyer, L & W. Mitchell (1970) The Liberty Ships , Newton Abbot, quoted in The Oxford Companion , op cit.
9 World Ship Society.
10 Oxford Companion , op. cit.