Stephen Harding - The Last Battle

as head of Vichy government, 29, 32

opposed by Clemenceau, 56

tries former government members, 44

postwar trial, 168

Petrukovich, Alex

as 142nd infantryman, 125

defends Schloss Itter, 130, 132, 136

aftermath of battle, 164

postwar death, 171

Petz (supervisor of prison conversion), 13–17

Phoney War, 79

Pilgrim II of Puchein, archbishop of Salzburg, 6

Pister, Hermann, 31–32

Pius VI, pope, 6–7, 13

POEN-O5, 74, 88

Pohl, Oswald, 12

Poland

atrocities committed by Totenkopfstandarten, 19

invaded by Germany (1939), 27, 79

Majdanek concentration camp, 20–21

Pollock, Arthur

in Lee’s rescue group, 125

defends Schloss Itter gatehouse, 130, 136, 143

under attack from Waffen-SS, 147–151

aftermath of battle, 164

postwar life, 171

Popper, David, 8

POW camps/cages, 20, 21, 60, 155, 164, 169, 170

Prison pour hommes d’Etat (Léon-Jouhaux), 166, 169

Provisional Austrian National Committee (POEN), 74

PSF. See Croix de feu/PSF; Parti Social Français

Radical Socialist Party, 26

Rapoto III of Ortenburg, 6

Ravensbrück concentration camp, 51

Red Army, 20, 67–68

Regensburg diocese of Tyrol region, 5–6

Reichswehr, 78–79. See also Wehrmacht

Reinhard, Clifford J., 154–159

Réseau Klan (Klan Network), 59

Resistance (Austrian)

forms after Anschluss, 10, 73

centers in Tyrol, 10, 74–75

gathers intelligence for OSS, 74

with Austrian-born military personnel, 74–77, 87–88

initially avoids guerilla warfare, 73

in Wörgl, led by Mayr, 76–77, 86–90

Gangl joins, leads, 1–2, 109–112

given responsibility for Wörgl by Allies, 122

Resistance (French)

activities prior to Allied invasion, 84

of CGT, 38–40, 49

activities increase as Allied invasion approaches, 84

de la Rocque gathers intelligence for Britain, 57, 59

of Cailliaus (Michel, Alfred, Marie-Agnès), 60–62, 168

Granger’s cell, 52

guerilla warfare, 73

Reynaud, Paul

background, 27, 43–44

in Vichy’s custody, 29

at Sachsenhausen, 45, 48

antagonism toward Weygand, 53–54, 63

hostilities with Daladier, 28, 63, 162, 163, 167

Schloss Itter radio, 64

reports on Weiter’s suicide, 96

observes retreating Germans, 107

defies Lee’s orders, 146, 148

fires on enemy, 148–151

postwar life and death, 166–167

Rhinehotel Dreesen, Bonn, 61

Riom Trial, 29–31, 35–36

Roman Catholicism, 5–7, 10, 16, 46, 54, 60, 113

Royal Norfolk Regiment (British army 2nd Battalion), 20

Rushford, William T.

as Lee’s driver Technician Fourth Grade, 123

drives, shoots from, Besotten Jenny , 125–127, 130–132, 137, 139

under attack from Waffen-SS, 147–148

postwar death, 171

Russia. See Red Army; Soviet Union

Saarbrücken, defense of, 85

Sachsenhausen concentration camp, 45, 48, 50

Saint-Cyr military academy, 33, 54, 57

Saturday Evening Post magazine, 172

Scheffold, Hans, 89

Schirwoski Battle Group, 72

Schloss Eisenberg in Czechoslovakia, 56–57, 59

Schloss Garlitz, 55

Schloss Itter

background, 5–13

as Dachau satellite, converted to VIP prison, 11–17

with Wimmer as commandant, 22–23, 40–42, 92–96

enmity among prisoners, 62–63

conditions worsen as German military deteriorates, 91

guards and Wimmer flee, 107

becomes Lynch’s command post, 164–165

Schloss Itter battle

defenses organized by Lee, 127–133

German corporal defects to Waffen-SS, 143–144

under attack from Waffen-SS, 146–152, 158–160

gatehouse defense, 136–137

Great Hall defense, 132–139

Gangl killed by sniper, 150

ammunition runs low, 151–152, 157

relief arrives, 160

aftermath, 163–165

Schrader, Annaliese Patales, 98–100, 128, 146, 148

Schrader, Kurt-Siegfried

background, 96–97

as Waffen-SS, 98–99

becomes anti-Nazi, friends with Krobot, 100–101

leads Giehl to surrender to Allies, 102

ensures VIP prisoners’ safety, 108–109, 122

as Lee’s lieutenant at Schloss Itter, 128–130

defends Great Hall, Schloss Itter, 138–139, 152

hands over VIP prisoners to Lynch, 161

postwar life and death, 170

Schwab, Eric

accompanies Kramers to Schloss Itter, 143, 153

aftermath of battle, 161

French war photographer, 121

2nd Battalion, 142nd Infantry Regiment

attempts to relieve Lee, 123–124

advance to Itter delayed around Wörgl, 140–141

Seigfried, bishop of Regensburg, 6

Seiner, Edward J.

as Lee’s loader Technician Fifth Grade, 123

defends Schloss Itter, 127, 130, 150

postwar life, 171

Servir (Gamelin), 166

753rd Tank Battalion, 123–124, 140, 152–154

Sherman, Glenn E., 123

Sitzkrieg , 79

Socialists/Socialist Party, 26, 39, 73

Souvenirs personnels (Cailliau, M.-A.), 168–169

Soviet Union

invaded by Germany (1941), 81–82

overcomes Germany’s advance, 83

recaptures Nazi-taken territories, 68

victory at Stalingrad, 67

See also Red Army

Speer, Albert, 13

Spiess, Paul, 7

SS-TV troops

as Dachau guards, 52–53

convert castle to prison, 13–17

Wimmer as officer at Dachau, Schloss Itter, 18, 22, 92–93

last Dachau commander Weiter, 95–96

flee the advancing Allies, 95–96, 107

Stalingrad victory by Soviet Union (1943), 67, 150

Sudetenland annexation, 19, 26–27, 97. See also Czechoslovakia

Sûreté Nationale, 35, 39, 44

Sutton, William

in Lee’s rescue group, 125

defends Schloss Itter, 130, 132, 136

aftermath of battle, 164

postwar death, 171

Szymczyk, Edward J. “Stinky”

accompanies Lee for recon, battle, 121, 123

postwar death, 171

Tardieu, André, 33

Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich, 8

Telephone system

in Schloss Itter commander’s suite, 15

in Schloss Itter orderly room, 145, 152

of Wörgl town hall, 153

line severed, 157

36th Infantry Division, 1

Tobacco, 12, 31, 41

Tolbukhin, Fyodor, 67–68

Totenkopfstandarte Oberbayern atrocities, 18–20

Totu, bishop of Regensburg, 6

Treaty of Versailles (1919), 78

Tunisia, 52

12th Armored Division

advances into Austrian Tyrol, 1

advances to Kufstein, 70, 89

combat action, 117–118

12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend, 71, 85

XXI Corps, 69–71

XXI Corps, U.S. Seventh Army, 69–71

23rd Tank Battalion

commanded by Clow, 118–119, 121

in Kufstein, 1–2

postwar lives and deaths of soldiers, 171

Tyrol region

historical background, 5–6

administrative districts under Nazis, 9

Allied armies advance (XXI Corps), 67–71

as center for anti-Nazi resistance, 10, 74

Tyrolean peasant uprising (1515–1526), 6

Ukraine, 67, 81–82, 99

“Ungarische Zigeunerweisen” music (Menter), 8

Unions/trade unions, 36–38

United Nations International Labor Organization agency, 166

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, 164

U.S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 74

U.S. Seventh Army

commanded by Patch, 85

advances into Tyrol, 68–69

enters Austria, 117–118

hosts liberated VIPs, 163

U.S. 6th Army Group, 69

U.S. Third Army, 69

Vals-les-Bains, 39

Vichy government

Pétain as puppet head, 29–31