Stephen Harding - The Last Battle

Sydnor, Charles W. Soldiers of Destruction: The SS Death’s Head Division, 1939–1945 . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990.

Turner, Barry. Countdown to Victory: The Final European Campaigns of World War II . New York: William Morrow, 2004.

Van Goethem, Geert. The Amsterdam International: The World of the International Federation of Trade Unions (IFTU), 1913–1945 . Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2006.

von Steiner, Kurt. Resistance Fighter: Anti-Nazi Terror Tactics of the Austrian Underground . Boulder: Paladin Press, 1986.

Weygand, Maxime. Recalled to Service: The Memoirs of General Maxime Weygand . Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1952.

Williamson, Gordon. Gebirgsjäger: German Mountain Trooper 1939–45 . Oxford: Osprey, 2003.

NEWSPAPER ARTICLES

Note: The articles in this section are listed in chronological order.

Binghamton Press (Binghamton, NY):

“Norwich Lieutenant Proves Hero in Reich War-End Rescue Fight.” June 7, 1945.

“Captain Lee in Chenago Sheriff Race.” July 23, 1945.

“17 Tier Men Are on Latest Returnee List.” Jan. 25, 1946.

“John C. Lee, Jr., Ordered Held for Jury.” Feb. 25, 1953.

“Lee Fined $50 in Assault, Sister Freed.” Mar. 10, 1953.

“Lee Indicted by Chenango Grand Jury.” Apr. 10, 1953.

“Lee Vacates New Berlin Hotel.” July 3, 1953.

Evening Sun (Norwich, NY):

“John C. Lee Dies, Freed de Gaulle Kin.” Jan. 15, 1973.

New York Times:

“Mme. Menter’s Good Fortune.” Nov. 25, 1885.

“Freed: Daladier, Blum, Reynaud, Niemoller, Schuschnigg, Gamelin.” May 6, 1945.

“Reynaud Relates Reich Prison Life.” Aug. 15, 1945.

“Borotra Relates War Experiences.” March 18, 1947.

“Paul Reynaud Married.” May 14, 1950.

“Gen. Gamelin Dead.” Apr. 19, 1958.

“Gen. Maxime Weygand Dead.” Jan. 29, 1965.

“Paul Reynaud Dies; Led France in 1940.” Sept. 22, 1966.

“Daladier, Signer of Munich Pact, Dies at 86.” Oct. 12, 1970.

Norwich Record (Northfield, VT):

“Capt. Jack Lee, ’42, Rescues Daladier in Castle Battle.” June 22, 1945.

Norwich Sun (Norwich, NY):

“Lee Receives Award.” Mar. 17, 1945.

“Lee Receives Promotion.” May 28, 1945.

“Capt. John C. Lee Jr., Led Rescuers of Daladier, Ex-French Premier.” June 4 and 7, 1945.

“Thrilling Story About Captain John C. Lee Appears in ‘Post.’” July 18, 1945.

“Capt. Lee Seeks Democratic Nomination for Sheriff.” July 21, 1945.

MAGAZINE/JOURNAL ARTICLES

Bachinger, Eleonore, Martin McKee, and Anna Gilmore. “Tobacco Policies in Nazi Germany: Not as Simple as It Seems.” Public Health 122, no. 5 (May 2008): 497–505.

Distel, Barbara. “KZ-Kommandos an Idyllischen Orten: Dachauer Aussenlager in Österreich.” KZ Aussenlager—Geschichte und Erinnerung (1999).

“France: Trials, Tribulations.” Time , Sept. 30, 1940.

“Gamelin Speaks.” Time , Nov. 13, 1939.

Harding, Stephen. “The Battle for Castle Itter.” World War II (Aug.–Sept. 2008).

“Kampf um Schloss Itter.” Neue Illustrierte , Mar. 26, 1961.

Kennedy, Sean. “Accompanying the Marshal: La Rocque and the Progrès Social Français Under Vichy.” French History 15, no. 2 (2001).

Levin, Meyer. “We Liberated Who’s Who.” Saturday Evening Post , July 21, 1945.

“Maurice Gamelin: Good Grey General.” Time , Aug. 14, 1939.

“Reynaud Marriage Revealed.” Time , May 22, 1950.

“Where Is Gamelin?” Time , June 10, 1940.

Alibi Network, 59

Allied advance

into Alpine passes, 69–71

into Tyrol area, 93–94

Allied air attacks

decimate Forster’s group, 89

of German industrial centers, 40–41

kill civilians, resisters, 75–76

of Kufstein, 76

over Belgium, 85

of Schrader’s Frundsberg unit, 99

Allied armies

recapture German-Austria frontier, 67–69

recapture western Europe, 85–86

Allied intelligence

British, and IFTU, 39

gathered by Austrian resisters, 74

passed to Britain by de La Rocque, 57, 59

provided by Gangl, Mayr, 145

on Tyrol military and training schools, 70

of XXI Corps, 71

Alpine Fortress, 68, 86

Alpine Front, Northwest, 71–73, 86, 87

Alsace-Lorraine, 38, 49, 68, 118

Anschluss, 9–11, 97

Anti-Nazi resistance. See Resistance (Austrian); Resistance (French)

Antismoking crusade, 12

Au Coeur de la Mêlée (Reynaud), 166–167

Au service de l’avenir (de La Rocque), 168

Austria

Allied plans for securing, 69–71

annexed by Nazi Germany (Anschluss), 9–11, 97

army transferred into Wehrmacht, 10–11

with Nazis in majority, 10, 73

Austrian resistance. See Resistance (Austrian)

Austrian Tyrol. See Tyrol region

Basques, 45–46, 47, 52

Basse, Harry J.

as Lee’s lifelong friend, 116, 173

commands tank in rescue effort, 123

as Lee’s lieutenant, 128–130

defends Schloss Itter, 130–132, 136–137, 143, 150–152

aftermath of battle, 160, 164

receives Silver Star, 165

postwar life and death, 171

Battle of the Bulge, 85

Besotten Jenny tank

of 12th Armored Division, 117

defends Schloss Itter, 124–136, 139

hit by antitank rounds, destroyed, 147–153, 164

Blechschmidt (Gangl’s lieutenant )

key member of Wörgl resistance, 110–111

accompanies Lee for rescue recon, 122–123

defends Great Hall, 137–138

defends Schloss Itter, 128–129, 151

Blitzkrieg warfare, 35, 58

Bloody Herrlisheim, 118

Blum, Léon

as premier of France, 26

in Vichy’s custody, 29

at Buchenwald, 32

as Riom Trial defendant, 30

Boche Buster tank

commanded by Basse, 123–125

rejoins 23rd Tank Battalion, 164

spearheads move to Schloss Itter, 155, 160

to Wörgl, 152–153

Böhaimb, Joannes, 72

Bonaparte, Napoléon, 7

Borotra, Jean

background, 45–46

as member of PSF with La Rocque, 47

at Sachsenhausen, 48

shunned by Daladier, Jouhaux, Gamelin, 63

escapes, is recaptured, 64–65

volunteers to search for Allies, 108

fires on enemy, 148–150, 151–152

carries message to 142nd Infantry, 157–159

after liberation, put on trial for collaboration, 164

postwar life and death, 167

Bourassol, 29, 31

British army 2nd Battalion, 20

British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), 39

British Special Operations Executive (SOE), 39

Bruchlen, Augusta

in CGT resistance movement, 38–39

arrested, interned, by Vichy secret police, 39–40

allowed to join Jouhaux at Schloss Itter, 48–50

summons Schrader to Schloss Itter, 108

in Schloss Itter under fire, 137

returns to cellar after defying Lee’s orders, 146, 148

postwar life and death, 166

See also Léon-Jouhaux, Augusta

Buchenwald concentration camp

Blum, Mandel, stay behind, 32

Cailliaus’ internment, 61

Gamelin’s internment, 36

Jouhaux’s internment, 31, 40

VIP prisoners’ conditions, 31

Buchner Battle Group, 72–73

Bundesheer Austrian army, 10–11, 70

Caen, 85, 99

Cailliau, Alfred

defies Lee’s orders, 146, 148

as resister, leading up to Schloss Itter, 59–62

postwar life and death, 168–169

Cailliau, Denis, 60

Cailliau, Marie-Agnès