Richard Overy - Russia's War

Moscow-Volga Canal, 115, 119

Mozhaisk Line, 113

Mukden, 286

Munich Conference, 40, 41, 274

Murmansk, 53, 197

Museum of the Defence of Leningrad, 308

Mussolini, Benito, 40

Nagasaki, 316

Napoleon Bonaparte, 88, 115, 143, 239, 256

Nazi-Soviet Pact – see German-Soviet Pact

Nebe, Artur, 125

Neisse River, 267, 271

Nekrasov, Viktor, 176

Netherlands, 59

Nevsky, Prince Aleksandr, 115, 162

New Economic Policy, (NEP), 13

New Zealand, 111

NKGB (KGB), 304, 305, 307, 318, 320

NKVD (Commissariat for Internal Affairs), 17, 22, 24, 44, 80, 81, 82, 104, 110, 138, 158, 160, 202, 225, 228, 229, 253, 285, 300, 303, 308, 329and 1930s terror, 24 and ambassadors’ trial, 136 and army discipline, 81–3, 213 and deportations, 51, 60, 232–4 and Katyn, 296 and Kuropaty, 296 and military purges, 24–8 and Moscow panic, 97 and Order 227, 160 and partisans, 146, 151 in Poland, 51–3 at Potsdam, 282–3, 285 in Spain, 38

Normandy invasion, 237, 240, 244

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 316

North Korea, 286

North Star, The (film), 147

Novikov, Marshal Aleksandr, 191–2, 305

Nowogradek, 146

nuclear bombs - see atomic bombs

Nuremberg Trials, 294–7

Oboyan, 206

Oder River, 257, 260, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267

Odessa, 1, 141, 306

OGPU (State Political Directorate), 21

Olkhovatka, 204

Omsk, 303

Operation Bagration, 239, 241–6, 249, 256

Operation Blue, 157

Operation Cottbus, 147

Operation Koltso (Ring), 181, 183

Operation Kutuzov, 211

Operation Munich, 147

Operation Myth, 277

Operation Rumyantsev, 211

Operation Saturn, 181

Operation Torch, 168

Operation Typhoon, 92, 93, 105

Operation Uranus, 171, 177, 178–80

Orbeli, Josef, 108

Order Number 1, 8, 330

Order Number 277, ‘Not a Step Back!’, 158, 160, 161

Order Number 270, 80, 301

Orel, 1, 93, 128, 199, 211, 212, 302

Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, 83–4

Oshima, Hiroshi, 203

Osinovets, 109

Overlord, 231, 237, 240

Pale of Settlement, 136

Palestine, 147

Panfilov men, 116, 117

Panin, Dmitri, 228, 229, 230, 231–2

partisans, 134, 142–50

Pas de Calais, 238

Paulus, Field Marshal Friedrich, 165, 166, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180–83, 184, 185, 294

Pavlov, General Dmitri, 66, 67, 81, 113

Peggetz, 301

penal battalions, 160, 215

Persian Gulf, 63, 197

Peter the Great, 292

Petrograd ( see Leningrad), 1, 2, 330

Petrov, Konstantin, 18

Pilsudski, Marshal Josef, 256

Plevitskaya, Nadezhda, 38

Ploesti oil fields, 60, 239, 249

Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax, Admiral Sir Reginald, 46

Podborove, 109

Poland, 5, 59, 68, 135, 251, 257, 260, 266, 271, 311–12in 1920s, 5 in 1939, 36, 41, 43–6, 50 and Allies, 247–9, 251, 253, 254, 284 under Soviet occupation, 51–5, 61, 82, 83, 137, 146

Pole Star , 109

Polish Committee for National Liberation, 247

Polish Home Army, 246–7, 248, 249, 311

Poltava, 128

Ponomarenko, Panteleymon, 145

Ponryi, 204

Port Arthur, 286

Poskrebyshev, Aleksandr, 318

Potsdam Conference, 281–91, 293, 295, 314

Poznan, 263, 264

Prague, 131

Pripet Marshes, 242

prison camps origins, 21 post-war, 297–8, 299, 301–2, 308 in wartime, 227–33

prisoners-of-war, 52–3, 127, 260, 297–9, 301, 309

Prokhorovka, 206, 207, 208, 210

Psel River, 206

Pulawy, 244

purges, 25–33, 37, 307–8

Rail Campaign, 150

rationing, 110, 224–6

rearmament, 19

reconstruction, 291–2

Red Army in 1920s, 6, 11–12 and 1941 war games, 66–7 and Bagration, 242–6 and Berlin, 262, 265–73 in civil war, 1, 2, 3 and co-operation with Germany, 10–11 and counter-offensive at Moscow, 119–20, 129 and early defeats, 90–91, 93 at Kursk, 200–201, 203–10 and liberation of camps, 260–61 and Manchuria, 285 and partisans, 150 preparedness in 1941, 64–9 and siege of Leningrad, 111 and Stalingrad, 171–7 and Timoshenko reforms, 57–9 and war in Poland, 51 and Warsaw Rising, 247–8 and wartime reforms, 187–9, 190–91

Red Army Main Political Directorate, 32

Red October Factory, 164

Red Orchestra spy ring, 103

Reichenau, Field Marshal Walther von, 84, 182

Reichstag, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276

Reichswehr, 9

Reims, 278, 279

reparations, 284

repatriation, 298, 304

Revolutionary Military Council, 6, 7, 11, 29

Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 47, 48–50, 51, 53, 62–3

Riga, 140, 163

Riga, Treaty of, 5

Road of Life – see Ice Road

Rodimtsev, General Alexander, 173, 174

Rokossovsky, Marshal Konstantin, 30, 82, 179, 184, 200, 201, 203, 206, 207, 242, 248, 263, 281, 306

Romania, 5, 40, 43, 48, 60, 62, 63, 65, 239, 250, 286

Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin, 156

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 194, 212, 220–22, 248, 249, 251, 252, 253, 254, 267, 280, 282, 291, 327

Rostov-on-Don, 158, 164, 181

Rotmistrov, General Pavel, 207, 208, 209, 210, 217, 239

Rovno, 133

Rudenko, Gen. Roman, 294

Rudenko, Marshal Sergei, 325

Russian liberation movement, 130

Russian National Army of Liberation, 128–9, 130, 298

Russian Orthodox Church, 162, 163

Rybalko, Marshal P. S., 244, 271, 272

‘Sacred Cow’, 252

Sakhalin, 253, 286, 287

Schlieffen Plan, 35

Schlüsselburg, 102

Schnurre, Karl, 47

Schulenburg, Friedrich von der, 48, 49, 74

Schutzstaffel (SS), 83–4, 127, 131, 135, 139, 140, 144, 206

Second front, 168, 221–2, 240, 243

Seelöw heights, 265, 266, 268, 269

self-propelled artillery, 193, 203–4, 207

Semipalatinsk, 315

Sergei, Metropolitan of Moscow, 162

Serov, Ivan, 304

Sevastopol, 73, 156

Shaposhnikov, Marsal Boris, 11, 29, 54, 65, 93, 122, 166

Shkuro, General Andrei, 300

Shostakovich, Dmitri, 108, 220

Shpigelglaz, Mikhail, 27

Shpigelglaz, Sergei, 138

Shtemenko, Marshal Sergei, 189, 199, 237, 241

Shtern, Lina, 311

Shvernik, N. M., 170

Silesia, 66, 253, 257, 260, 263, 264, 267

Simonov, Konstantin, 80, 163, 172, 176, 317, 324

Siret River, 250

Skoblin, Nikolai, 38

Smersh, 261, 277, 278, 300, 301, 302, 304

Smith, General Bedell, 278

Smolensk, 53, 65, 86, 87, 91, 102, 130, 147, 217, 295

Smolesnk Declaration, 130

Sobibor extermination camp, 260

Solovki, 21

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 229, 230, 262

Sorge, Richard, 70, 118

Sovetsky, 179

Soviet-Finnish War, 55–7, 60, 241, 294, 295

Soviet Information Bureau, 138

Spaatz, General Carl, 279

Spain, 100

Spanish Civil War, 37, 55

Special Committee for the Atom Bomb, 314

Spittal, 300

Spree River, 271

Stakhanov, Alexander, 18

Stalin, Josef in 1920s, 11 and 1941 war games, 66–7 and anti-Semitism, 135, 172, 309–11 and attack on Moscow, 112–13, 117 and Berlin, 255, 256, 262–3, 267 in civil war, 2, 3 and collectivization, 23 and Czech crisis, 40, 42 death of, 320–21 and defeat of France, 59 and Doctors’ Plot, 319–20 and fate of Warsaw, 243, 244, 247–9 final years, 316–18 as General Secretary, 6, 15 as Generalissimus, 280, 281, 287 and general staff, 187–9 and German alliance, 37 and German Pact, 48–50, 53–5 and German surrender, 278–81 and Kirov murder, 24 and Kursk, 199–200, 202–3, 211–12 meetings with Churchill, 167–8, 251–2 and military expansion, 18–20 and military purges, 26–30 and Moscow counteroffensive, 120–22 and nationalities, 232–3 and negotiations with Britain and France, 40–43 and Order Number 227, 158origins, 13–14 and outbreak of war, 73–7 and partisan war, 145, 147, 150 personality, 13–14, 15–16, 23, 280–82, 290–93 and post-war purges, 304–8 at Potsdam, 281–5 and pre-war intelligence, 69–72 and religion, 162–3 and Roosevelt’s death, 267 and Soviet atrocities, 261–2 and Soviet-Finnish war, 57 and Spanish Civil War, 38 and Stalingrad, 166, 181, 185 stays in Moscow, 97–8 and Teheran Conference, 220–22 and war preparations, 67–9 and Yalta Conference, 252–6