Andrew Nagorski - Hitlerland

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Hitlerland: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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Hitler’s rise to power, Germany’s march to the abyss, as seen through the eyes of Americans—diplomats, military, expats, visiting authors, Olympic athletes—who watched horrified and up close. By tapping a rich vein of personal testimonies,
offers a gripping narrative full of surprising twists—and a startlingly fresh perspective on this heavily dissected era. Some of the Americans in Weimar and then Hitler’s Germany were merely casual observers, others deliberately blind; a few were Nazi apologists. But most slowly began to understand the horror of what was unfolding, even when they found it difficult to grasp the breadth of the catastrophe.
Among the journalists, William Shirer, Edgar Mowrer, and Dorothy Thompson were increasingly alarmed. Consul General George Messersmith stood out among the American diplomats because of his passion and courage. Truman Smith, the first American official to meet Hitler, was an astute political observer and a remarkably resourceful military attaché. Historian William Dodd, whom FDR tapped as ambassador in Hitler’s Berlin, left disillusioned; his daughter Martha scandalized the embassy with her procession of lovers from her initial infatuation with Nazis she took up with. She ended as a Soviet spy.
On the scene were George Kennan, who would become famous as the architect of containment; Richard Helms, who rose to the top of the CIA; Howard K. Smith, who would coanchor the
. The list of prominent visitors included writers Sinclair Lewis and Thomas Wolfe, famed aviator Charles Lindbergh, the great athlete Jesse Owens, newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst, and black sociologist and historian W.E.B. Dubois.
Observing Hitler and his movement up close, the most perceptive of these Americans helped their reluctant countrymen begin to understand the nature of Nazi Germany as it ruthlessly eliminated political opponents, instilled hatred of Jews and anyone deemed a member of an inferior race, and readied its military and its people for a war for global domination. They helped prepare Americans for the years of struggle ahead.

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47 “ but something in” and other comments on appeal: Ibid., 190.

48 “ the most vital”: Ibid., 201.

48 “ Nowhere in the world”: Ibid., 205–206.

48 “ They were so wonderfully”: Ibid., 190–191.

48 “ a full-fledged” and Lilian’s other comments about women: Ibid., 192.

48 “ It was the greatest” and other film observations: Ibid., 213–214.

49 “ Quit bothering”: Edgar Ansel Mowrer, 199.

49 “ I was becoming”: Lilian Mowrer, 191.

49 “ All in all”: Matthews, Alanson B. Houghton, Ambassador of the New Era , 75–76.

49 “ to save what is”: Ibid., 77.

49 “ I feel as if”: Ibid., 87.

50 “ just claims”: Manfred Jonas, The United States and Germany: A Diplomatic History , 172.

50 “ The United States is”: Ibid., 181.

50 “ The Americanization”: Wiegand Papers, box 27, Hoover.

51 “ By the early twenties” and “ that complex of factors” : Edgar Ansel Mowrer, 187, 189.

51 “ It’s madness” and “ an intensity” and details of Baker’s stay, including gifts: Jean-Claude Baker and Chris Chase, Josephine: The Hungry Heart , 124–129.

52 “ The period immediately”: Edgar Ansel Mowrer, Germany Puts the Clock Back , 153.

52 “ sexual perversions”: Ibid., 155.

52 “ These were elegant”: Hecht, 256.

52 “ The air we breathed”: Franz Schulze, Philip Johnson: Life and Work , 412.

52 “ I think if it” and “ The Americans”: Ibid., 53–54.

53 “ Treason to the Republic”: Lilian Mowrer, 186.

53 “ had the same goal”: William Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany , 115.

53 “ You may pronounce”: Ibid., 118.

54 “ He spoke with” and rest of Mowrer report: Lilian Mowrer, 186.

54 “ While the putsch” and “ vanished into oblivion”: Murphy, Diplomat Among Warriors , 40.

55 “ even as a side issue” and “ as far as”: Hamilton Fish Armstrong, Peace and Counter-peace: From Wilson to Hitler , 309–310.

55 “ Hemingway by the way”: Hubert Renfro Knickerbocker Papers, Columbia University Rare Book and Manuscript Library.

55 Knickerbocker, who would: Richard Lingeman, Sinclair Lewis: Rebel from Main Street , 313.

55 some accounts claim: Peter Kurth, American Cassandra: The Life of Dorothy Thompson , 487.

56 “ Do come on up” and rest of Lilian Mowrer’s account: Lilian Mowrer, 221.

56 “ International relations”: Victoria de Grazia, Irresistible Empire: America’s Advance Through Twentieth-Century Europe , 75.

56 “ These were the brilliant”: Kurth, 93.

57 “ an authentic record” and “ The Graf Zeppelin is more than”: Wiegand Papers, box 30, Hoover.

57 “ You have indeed cared” and other correspondence: Wiegand Papers, box 8, Hoover.

57 “ brilliant British woman” and “ internationally-known”: New York American , Sept. 1, 1929; and Wiegand Papers, box 30, Hoover.

58 “ full of promise”: Kurth, 92.

58 “ Though externals”: Lilian Mowrer, 247.

58 “ Where but”: Edgar Ansel Mowrer, Triumph and Turmoil , 160.

58 “ They all had” and “ These Germans”: Lilian Mowrer, 254.

58 “ loose emotional fervor” and subsequent Lilian Mowrer quotes: Ibid., 255.

59 “ If one wants”: Kurth, 93.

59 “ like a death’s head” and “ If only I could”: Lilian Mowrer, 225.

59 “ Do you think”: Ibid., 224.

59 “ The strange bit of history”: Hecht, 296–297.

60 “ In him all morality”: Ibid., 298.

60 “ I know who caused”: Max Wallace, The American Axis: Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the Rise of the Third Reich , 20.

60 “ I regard Henry Ford” and description of Annetta Antona interview with Hitler: Ibid., 1–2.

60 “ Mr. Ford’s genius”: Prince Louis Ferdinand, The Rebel Prince: Memoirs of Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia , 241.

61 “ a prosperous, energetic”: Wiegand Papers, box 8, Hoover.

61 “ a high proportion of” and “ One could sense”: Wilson, A Diplomat Between Wars, 115.

61 “ Look out” and Bouton’s account of encounter with Sinclair Lewis: S. Miles Bouton Papers, box 4, Hoover.

62 In 1925, Jacob Gould Schurman and his building fund for Heidelberg University: Maynard Moser, Jacob Gould Schurman: Scholar, Political Activist, and Ambassador of Good Will, 1892–1942 , 156–158.

62 “ the will to war”: Ibid., 169.

62 “ The Republic”: Ibid., 170.

63 “ itch to pour”: Ibid., 191.

63 “ You see we” and rest of Mowrer-Friday exchange: Lilian Mowrer, 236.

63 “ an orgy of spending” and “ the stunning new” and “ the entire rolling stock”: Ibid., 239.

63 Schurman received a warning : Moser, 204.

63 “ Hey, this thing’s a fake ”: Robert C. Perez and Edward F. Willett, The Will to Win: A Biography of Ferdinand Eberstadt , 44.

64 $300 million in new American loans: Moser, 206.

CHAPTER THREE: WHALE OR MINNOW?

PAGE

65 “ I’m going to have to start”: Bella Fromm, Blood and Banquets: A Berlin Social Diary , 18; Fromm biographical details, ibid., 3–6.

65 “ Let’s have”: Ibid., 19.

66 diary entry of July 16 and all quotes: Ibid., 20.

66 “ a gentle-looking man” and “ an attractive woman”: Ibid., 24.

66 “ Even the international” and “ I like Berlin”: Ibid., 28.

67 “ Fortunately for us” and other Knickerbocker quotes: “Covering Berlin,” Public Ledger , April 21, 1930, Knickerbocker Papers, Columbia.

67 the party boasted 108,000: Frederick L. Schuman, The Nazi Dictatorship: A Study in Social Pathology and the Politics of Fascism , 72.

68 “ Now he is again” and all other quotes from Wiegand’s session with Hitler: Wiegand Papers, box 30, Hoover.

69 “ The German people”: Mowrer, Germany Puts the Clock Back , 198.

70 “ So had a majority” and “ flocked to the Nazis”: Charles W. Thayer, The Unquiet Germans , 12–13.

70 “ The most remarkable”: Mowrer, Germany Puts the Clock Back , 22.

70 “ with the raucous voice” and rest of incident on train: Lilian Mowrer, 234.

71 “ The seats swarmed” and rest of Enid Keyes’s account from her letter: American Girl, German Wife: The Letters of Enid Keyes Mehnert, 1931–1935 , Enid Keyes Mehnert Papers, Vol. 1, Hoover.

72 “ Dad, what do you think” and rest of exchange between Arthur and his father, along with “ chariot bumping”: Mowrer, Germany Puts the Clock Back , 120–121.

73 “ I never saw” and rest of quotes from December 27, 1931, letter: Knickerbocker Papers, Columbia.

73 “ We are for” and rest of exchange with streetwalkers: Mowrer, Triumph and Turmoil , 210–211.

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