Linda Himelstein - The King of Vodka

2. Theodore H. Von Laue, Sergei Witte and the Industrialization of Russia (New York: Columbia University Press, 1963), 131.

3. Nizhniy Novgorod 1896 , Yarmarka. Vystavka. Putevoditel Nizhnego Novgoroda, Nizhegorodskiy gumanitarniy tsentr, 1996, from Vserosskiyskaya vystavka 1896 v Nizhnem Novgorode, 24.

4. Izvestiya vserossiyskoy promyshlenno-khudozhestvennoy vystavki , July 12, 1896, 3.

5. Novosti dnya, #4705, July 14, 2.

6. Albom uchastnikov Vserossiyskoy Promyshlennoy Khudozhestvennoy Vystavski v Nizhnem Novgorode 1896 g (St. Petersburg: Tipografiya Ministerstva Putey Soobshcheniya, 1896), Part 2, Dept. “g,” 47.

7. Essay on the Imperial Court Ministry’s Activities for Celebrations related to the Sacred Coronation of their Imperial Majesties in 1896, vol. 3, 292.

8. Von Laue, Sergei Witte and the Industrialization of Russia , 132.

9. Moskovskiy Listok, Aug. 26, 1896, 3.

10. Sergey Shumilkin, Nizhegorodskaya yarmarka (Nizhniy Novgorod: Ponedelnik. Volgo-Vyatskoye knizhnoye izdatelstvo, 1996), 174.

1. CHAM, Fund 16, Inv. 235, Case 4361, 8.

2. N. A. Varentsov, Rossiya v memuarah (Moscow: NLO, 1999), 133.

3. Ibid.

4. Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, Fund 1468 Inv. 1, Case 496. Borisovskiy letter Apr. 6, 1896.

5. Ibid., Fund 1468, Inv. 1, #21, Case 497, #24, May 1, 11:45 PM.

6. “P. A. Smirnov (skorbniy list),” Moskovskiy Listok, Nov. 30, 1898.

7. Trudy tehnicheskogo komiteta glavnogo upravleniya neokladnyh sborov i kazyonnoy prodazhi pitey , vol. 14, 1901 (St. Petersburg, 1903), 100–102; and Krshizhanovskiy V. Yu. Starshiy laborant tsentralnoy himicheskoy laboratorii ministerstva finansov v g. Odesse; Chistota kazyonnyh pitey, priyomy ih izgotovleniya i kachestvo osnovnyh materialov (syryo i rektifikatsionniye spirty, drevesniy ugol i prochee) pri etom primenyayuschihsya (Tver, 1906), 94–102.

8. Ibid., Trudy technicheskogo, 102

9. Ibid., 100.

10. Vera Grigorieva, Vodka izvestnaya i neizvestnaya: XIV–XX veka, from RSHA (St. Petersburg), Fund 476, Inv. 1 Case 2239, vol. 7, 20–22, 40–41, 60–73, 78.

11. Vserossiyskaya khudozhestvenno-promyshlennaya vystavka 1896 goda v Nizhnem Novgorde (St. Petersburg: German Goppe, 1896), 198–200; also, Albom uchastnikov Vserosskiyskoy Promyshlennoy i Khudozhestvennoy Vystavski v Nizhnem Novgorode 1896 g Tipografiya Ministerstva Putey Soobshcheniya, 1896), (St. Petersburg: Part 2, Dept. “g,” 47.

12. CHAM, Fund 51, Inv. 5, Case 122.

13. Ibid.

14. “On the change of the regulations of P. A. Smirnov’s Company of the vodka factory of wine and spirit warehouses and of Russian and foreign grape wine in Moscow,” Sobraniye Uzakoneniy i Rasporyazheniy Pravitelstva, 4096, issued by a governing senate, Sept. 16, 1897, #1292.

15. CSAM, Fund 16, Inv. 237, Case 19, 17.

16. Russian State Archives of Ancient Acts, Fund 1468, Inv. 1, Case 497, Dec. 3, 1897.

17. Ibid., Fund 1239, Inv. 3, Case 25310.

18. Vladimir Gakov, Forbes (Russian ed.), May 2005, 172.

19. Jo Ann Ruckman, The Moscow Business Elite (DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 1984), 18.

20. CSAM, Fund 142, Inv. 5, Case 728, 67–71 (translation from the Smirnoff Vodka Archive at Harvard University’s Davis Center Collection at the Fung Library).

1. Vladimir Smirnov’s memoirs.

2. CSAM, Fund 142, Inv. 5, Case 728, 67–71.

3. Ibid., Case 809, 5.

4. Ibid., Case 809, 76–77.

5. Moskovskiy Listok , Mar. 10, 1899, 3.

1. Gregory Freeze, ed. Russia: A History (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 206.

2. David Floyd, Russia in Revolt: 1905: The First Crack in Tsarist Power (MacDonald & Co., 1968), 37.

3. Vestnik finansov, promyshlennosti i torgovli. Ukazatel pravitelstvennyh rasporyazheniy po ministerstvu finansov. 1899. Otchyoty kreditnyh uchrezhdeniy, torgovyh i promyshlennyh predpriyatiy (St. Petersburg: V. Kirschbaum, 1899), 756.

4. Ibid., 755.

5. Andrey Kokorev and Vladimir Rouga, Moskva povsednevnaya (Moscow: OLMA-Press, 2005), 39.

6. K. V. Smirnova and T. I. Voznesenskaya, “Semeinaya Khronika podmoskovnoy Shelkovki Smirnovyh,” Russkaya Usadba #12 [28] (Moscow: Zhiraf, 2006), 239.

7. Vestnik finansov, promyshlennosti i torgovli, 755.

8. Magazine Iskry, Moscow, 1901, #25, 6, in A. Kokorev and V. Rouga, Moskva povsednevnaya, 2005, 39.

9. Vestnik finansov, promyshlennosti i torgovli (St. Petersburg: V. Kirschbaum, 1901), 741.

10. CSAM, Fund 16, Inv. 237, Case 19, Magazine of the Moscow Government Administration, 1–4.

11. Vladimir Smirnov’s memoirs.

12. CSAM, Fund 16, Inv. 237, Case 19, 1–4.

1. A. Kokorev and V. Rouga, Moskva povsednevnaya (Moscow: OLMA-Press, 2005), 39.

2. Moskovskiy Listok , Sept. 5, 1900, 3.

3. Ibid., Sept. 2, 1901, 1.

4. Ibid., app., July 5, 1901, 4.

5. Ibid., July 16, 1901, 1.

6. “K 150-letiyu firmy “Petra Smirnova Synovya” (Iz vospominaniy i rasskazov moyego pokynogo muzha V. P. Smirnova, umershago v 1934 godu)” Rodniye perezvony, #202, 1969, Bruzzels, 11.

7. Ibid., 13–14.

8. Ibid., 14.

9. Vestnik finansov, promyshlennosti i torgovli. Ukazatel pravitelstvennyh rasporyazheniy po ministerstvu finansov, 1902. Otchyoty kreditnyh uchrezhdeniy, torgovyh i promyshlennyh predpriyatiy (St. Petersburg: V. Kirschbaum, 1902). 1339.

10. “Za nedelyu,” Magazine Iskry, #25, 1901, 13.

11. Patricia Herlihy, The Alcoholic Empire: Vodka and Politics in Late Imperial Russia (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 6.

12. Kate Transchel, Under the Influence: Working-class Drinking, Temperance, and Cultural Revolution in Russia, 1895–1932 (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2006), 32.

13. “Russian Liquor Reform,” New York Times, Feb. 2, 1902.

14. David Christian, Living Water: Vodka and Russian Society on the Eve of Emancipation (New York; Oxford University Press, 1990), 390.

15. William E. Johnson, The Liquor Problem in Russia (Westerville, OH: The American Issue Publishing Co., 1915).

16. Kratkiy ocherk pyatidesyatiletiya aktsiznoy sistemy vzimaniya nalogov s krepkih napitkov i pyatidesyatiletiya deyatelnosti uchrezhdeniy zaveduyuschih neokladnymi sborami (St. Petersburg: V. Kirschbaum, 1913), 38.

17. K. V. Smirnova, G. V. Chinyaeva, V. O. Smirnov, and M. I. Gogolashvili, Vodochniy korol Pyotr Arsenievich Smirnov i yego potomki (Moscow: OAO Izdatelstvo “Raduga,” 1999), 198–201.

18. CSAM, Fund 16, Inv. 237, Case 19, 4.

19. Ibid., 1–4.

20. Smirnov Vodka Archive at Harvard University’s Davis Center Collection in the Fung Library, research by Oleg Smirnov, PSC009272–PSC009274, 136–38.

21. Ibid., PSC009276-PSC009283, 140–47.

1. Central State Archives of Moscow (CSAM), Fund 16, Inv. 237, 24–25, (hereafter cited in text).

2. Moskovskiy Listok , July 31, 1903, 3, in CHAM, Fund 131, Inv. 5, Case 926.

3. Theodore Von Laue, Sergei Witte and the Industrialization of Russia (New York: Columbia University Press, 1963), 258.