Steven Ujifusa - A Man and His Ship

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THE STORY OF A GREAT AMERICAN BUILDER
A
United States, Gibbs was an American original, on par with John Roebling of the Brooklyn Bridge and Frank Lloyd Wright of Fallingwater. Forced to drop out of Harvard following his family’s sudden financial ruin, he overcame debilitating shyness and lack of formal training to become the visionary creator of some of the finest ships in history. He spent forty years dreaming of the ship that became the S.S. William Francis Gibbs was driven, relentless, and committed to excellence. He loved his ship, the idea of it, and the realization of it, and he devoted himself to making it the epitome of luxury travel during the triumphant post–World War II era. Biographer Steven Ujifusa brilliantly describes the way Gibbs worked and how his vision transformed an industry.
is a tale of ingenuity and enterprise, a truly remarkable journey on land and sea.

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Republicans, 84, 116, 302, 331

Repulse, 225

restaurants, 252–53, 299

“Revolt of the Admirals,” 226

Rex, 135–36, 137, 153, 167

Rickover, Hyman, 355

Rigg, Ernest, 97

Robins Dry Dock and Repair Company, 174

Robinson, Samuel M., 142, 143, 144

Rockefeller, John D., 10

Rockefeller family, 15

Rockport, Mass., 340–41, 342, 365

Rogers, George, 130–31

Rome, 101

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 161, 276, 367

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 33, 55, 115, 155–56

Curran and, 162

death of, 198

Gibbs compared with, 144

Mauretania admired by, 154

rebuilding of Navy and, 134, 141, 142, 144, 182

southern allies of, 182, 183

World War II and, 169, 171, 174, 179–80

Roosevelt, Kermit, 77, 127–28, 155

Roosevelt, Sara, 295

Roosevelt, Theodore, 77, 89, 183

Roosevelt Steamship Company, 77

Rostron, Arthur H., 40

Rota, Joe, 328, 331, 345, 369

rotors, 30, 55

Royal Naval College, 56–57

Royal Navy, British, 29, 170, 260–61

Rubinstein, Helena, 167

Ruser, Hans, 51, 94

Russia, Czarist, navy of, 19

Russian spies, 288

Russo-Japanese War, 19

S-171 (“Proposed American Passenger Steamship”), 58, 62, 68, 72–73, 74

safety, 39, 53, 160

of airplanes, 160, 214, 334

of cruise ships, 362

of Design 12201/ United States, 210–12, 246–249, 251, 258–61, 291, 302, 362

of German superliners, 51

Gibbs and, 47, 48, 111–12, 134, 158, 175, 179, 196, 201–2, 246–49, 282, 332, 333, 362

luxury vs., 132

Mauretania and, 32

of Morro Castle and Oriente, 119

Morro Castle fire and, 131, 132, 134

Smith’s bill and, 44–45

SOLAS and, 45, 112

World War II and, 165, 167

sailing packets, 5

sailing ships, 7, 8

St. Lawrence River, 109–10

St. Louis, 3–6, 11, 12–13, 16, 32, 105, 244, 272

christening of, 5, 12, 241, 359

obsolescence of, 50

St. Paul, 5, 6, 11, 94, 244

Sanderson, Harold, 82

Santa Elena, 139–41, 239

Santa Lucia, 140–41, 239

Santa Paula, 139–41, 239, 335

Santa Rosa, 139–41, 239, 335, 367–68

Sarnoff, David, 42, 295

Savannah, 7

Savarona, 368

Sawyer, Charles, 279, 281–84

Schwieger, Walter, 52

Scotland, 26, 30, 154, 159, 165

scrap, 158–59, 176, 346, 350, 353, 357–61, 369

sculpture, 289–90

of United States, 246, 249–50, 251, 253, 254, 255, 257, 268, 270, 308

Sea Cloud, 368

Sea-Land, 336

Seawise University, 352–53

Securities and Exchange Commission, 156

segregation, 250, 278, 303

Senate, U.S., 41–42, 118, 227, 244

Commerce Committee of, 117–18

merchant marine investigated by, 133

Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn, 276–77

sheer and camber, 246–47

Shelley, John, 283

Shipping Act (1916), 53

Shipping Board, U.S., 53, 91, 116, 118, 128

demise of, 155

Leviathan reconversion and, 70, 72–77, 79–85

P. Franklin’s payment to, 154

Shipping Control Committee, U.S., 64–67

shipping trust, plans for, 12

see also International Mercantile Marine

Shipyard Bulletin, 239–40

Singapore, 225

size, 3, 6, 10, 16, 23, 47, 361

of America, 195

Cunard Line and, 25, 123

of Design 11811, 195

of Design 12201/ United States and, 202, 206, 356, 359

of Design IV, 195

of destroyers, 142

of Ferris’s superliners, 126

of France, 336

of German express liner, 209

of German superliners, 51, 74

in Gibbs’s designs, 50, 69, 84, 196, 202

of Leviathan, 81–82, 90, 116

of Majestic vs. Leviathan, 81–82

of Malolo, 105

of Morro Castle and Oriente, 119

of Normandie, 136, 149

of Queen Mary, 149, 152–53, 165, 180, 195, 202, 208

of T-6, 122

Smith, Edward J., 40, 41, 45, 112

Smith, Richard Austin, 335, 336

Smith, William Alden, 40–45, 261

Smoot, Reed, 89

Snyder, John W., 295, 296

Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, 107, 126–27, 134, 193, 208, 355–56

SOLAS, see International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea

Somers, 146

Somers -class destroyers, 146

Sousa, John Philip, 245

Southampton, 39, 90, 123, 124, 149, 165, 207, 213, 352

Ocean Liner Terminal in, 302, 311

United States in, 311–13

South Atlantic, 135

Soviet Union, 147, 164, 179, 217–18, 226

Nazi nonaggression pact with, 166

speed, 5–12, 16, 23, 29, 50, 146, 361

airplanes and, 214, 346

of America, 157

of battleships, 19, 29

of Bremen, 121, 126, 164

of Britannia, 8

British cargo vessels and, 171

of Design 12201/ United States, 20, 202, 203, 206, 207, 210, 225, 231, 264–69, 271, 291–292, 298–99, 301–10, 313, 314, 318, 355–56

of Design IV, 195

of Dreadnought, 29

of Europa, 121, 126

of Ferris’s superliners, 126

high-pressure, high-temperature steam and, 124–25

of Leviathan, 80, 81, 82, 87–88, 90, 91, 92, 120, 266

of Lusitania, 26, 27, 32

of Mauretania, 26, 30, 32, 33, 56, 59, 69, 84, 88, 90, 91, 92, 116, 121, 266

of Morro Castle and Oriente, 119

of Navy destroyers, 144, 146

of Normandie, 137, 138, 152

of Queen Elizabeth, 165, 166, 180, 196, 206, 356

of Queen Mary, 149, 152, 166, 180, 196, 206, 299, 304, 306, 310, 314, 356

reciprocating engines and, 29

of Rex, 136

safety and, 45

Santas and, 141

of T-6, 122

of Titanic, 42, 44, 261

of Washington, 168

see also Blue Riband of the Atlantic

Speed and Power of Ships, The (Taylor), 57

split funnel uptakes, 124

Spring-Rice, Sir Cecil, 60

SS United States Conservancy, 366, 369

stability, 324, 361

of Design 12201/ United States, 200–201, 237, 264, 355

Stalin, Joseph, 147, 356

Standard Oil Company, 10

Staten Island, 111, 166, 314

Steamboat Inspection, U.S., 132

steam turbine engine, 28–31, 139, 157, 170–71

Design 12201 and, 202, 203

steel, 30, 133, 154, 201, 238

aluminum compared with, 237

Design 12201/ United States and, 200, 220, 228, 230, 231, 237, 240, 246, 271

steerage, 8, 9, 28, 31, 41, 259

of Leviathan, 91–92

turned into “Tourist Third Cabin” (“Tourist Class”), 92, 258

Steinway, Theodore, 248

Steinway & Sons, 248

Still Place, 104, 181

stock, stock market, 14, 21, 33, 83, 115, 155, 184, 206, 337, 346, 349

crash of (1929), 123

Stockholm, 333

stokers, 32, 44, 81

Stokowski, Olga Samaroff, 100

strikes, 347, 349

submarines, 52–53, 63, 67–68, 142, 207, 335

in World War II, 165–71, 177, 180, 204

subsidies, 23, 39, 117, 133, 155, 156, 208, 218–19

Design 12201/ United States and, 215, 216, 220, 227, 281, 282, 284, 287, 318, 319, 348, 350, 354

foreign, 5, 25

John Franklin’s seeking of, 196, 199, 207, 215

mail, 8–9, 11, 155

Maritime Administration and, 229

Shipping Board’s refusal of, 84

Sullivan, John L., 226

superliner project, 99, 107, 112–13, 148, 194–200

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