Steven Ujifusa - A Man and His Ship

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THE STORY OF A GREAT AMERICAN BUILDER
A
United States, Gibbs was an American original, on par with John Roebling of the Brooklyn Bridge and Frank Lloyd Wright of Fallingwater. Forced to drop out of Harvard following his family’s sudden financial ruin, he overcame debilitating shyness and lack of formal training to become the visionary creator of some of the finest ships in history. He spent forty years dreaming of the ship that became the S.S. William Francis Gibbs was driven, relentless, and committed to excellence. He loved his ship, the idea of it, and the realization of it, and he devoted himself to making it the epitome of luxury travel during the triumphant post–World War II era. Biographer Steven Ujifusa brilliantly describes the way Gibbs worked and how his vision transformed an industry.
is a tale of ingenuity and enterprise, a truly remarkable journey on land and sea.

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sense of humor of, 48–49, 269, 339

social life of, 98–99, 101, 102, 289, 313, 337

superstitiousness of, 269–70, 279

as “technological revolutionist,” 176, 177, 183

tennis playing of, 16, 20, 341

travel abroad of, 16, 25, 27–28, 30, 73–74, 101

United States maiden voyage and, 296, 302–3, 306–10, 312, 324

United States trials and, 264, 266, 270, 271–72

as unprejudiced, 147, 322

as war hero, 188–89

wealth of, 148

women’s relations with, 98–99, 101, 140–41, 338

as workaholic, 103–4, 338, 339

World War I and, 68–69

World War II and, 163, 166, 169–89, 193

Gibbs, William Warren, 4, 13–18, 45, 49, 58, 189

death of, 98, 352

diminished fortune of, 21–23, 25, 33–36

Exide and, 56

persuasive skills of, 4, 14

as promoter, 14, 98

William Francis’s education and, 17, 21

Gibbs & Cox, 125–26, 143–48, 170–74, 176–82

aura of mystery around, 186

and buyout of Cox, 146–47

conservatism of, 335–36

employees of, 173, 177, 178, 185, 189, 193, 224–25, 321–22, 335, 336

after Gibbs brothers’ deaths, 365, 367

Gibbs’s superliner prototype refined by, 199–203

the Glass Menagerie at, 178, 182, 196, 315, 352

Grace Line and, 139–41, 143, 335, 336

Ile de France reconditioned by, 166

Liberty Ships and, 171–72, 176, 231

Maritime Commission conflict of, 172–73

model shop built by, 145, 202, 208–9

naval work of, 142–48, 157, 166, 181–89, 202, 335–36, 367

ownership structure of, 337

profiteering investigation of, 181–89, 211

profits of, 185, 186–87, 335

prosperity of, 147, 176

social side of, 231–32

sound and conservative financial policy of, 185, 187

United States Lines work of, 156–58

United States’ maiden voyage and, 303–4

West Street offices of, 144–45, 170, 173, 177, 187, 189, 207, 224–25, 286, 298, 315, 321, 337, 350

women at, 231–33, 321–22, 366

see also Design 12201; United States, USS

Gibbs Brothers Inc., 79, 82, 83–84, 91, 92

financial instability of, 97, 104–5

Malolo commission and, 105–13

Taylor at, 107–9

Gibraltar, 135, 136

Gilbert, Charles, 252

glass, 29, 31, 252

foam, 255, 259

Grace Line, 139–41, 143, 239, 335, 336, 352, 367

Graf Zeppelin, 160

Grant, Cary, 323

Grattidge, Harry, 305, 306, 311

gravity, center of, 71–72, 200, 237

Great Britain, 7–10, 24–27, 39, 50, 57, 96–97, 106, 112, 150, 197, 303

battleships of, 18, 19, 20, 25, 27, 29, 107, 225

conservatism of engineering in, 142

ex-German liners and, 75, 81, 89, 97

IMM and, 24–25, 38–39, 75

Nazi planning for invasion of, 164, 165, 167

postwar superliners and, 122–23, 126

Queen Mary and, 148–54

SOLAS and, 45

U.S. competition with, 69, 75, 88, 90, 146, 197, 292, 310

Washington Naval Conference and, 107

World War I and, 50, 52–53, 60, 63

World War II and, 164–67, 170–71

see also England; Scotland

Great Depression, 123, 125, 127, 137, 146, 218, 346

Great Recession (2009), 358

Green, Jim, 278, 289, 298, 301, 310, 324, 329, 369

Griscom, Clement, 10–12, 16, 37, 279, 348, 367

death of, 45, 50

at launch of St. Louis, 3–6

Morgan’s ties with, 12, 23–24, 38–39, 45, 50

gross tons, 10, 11, 25, 84, 122, 165, 356

of destroyers, 142

of Leviathan, 81–82

Gulfland, 111

Gulf Stream, 88, 136

gymnasium, 256, 302

gyro-pilot (“Metal Mike”), 260

Haddock, Herbert James, 42–43

Hadley, Richard, 357

Haeberle, Frederick E., 210–11, 215

Hales, Sir Harold Keates, 136

Halifax, 8, 47

Hamburg, 51, 69, 73–74

Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft (HAPAG), 9, 24, 27, 29, 62, 97

rate war and, 39

superliners built by, 50–51, 81

World War I and, 64, 69

see also Vaterland

Hamshar, Walter, 235, 265, 304

Handman, Wynn, 338, 344

Hansa, 89

HAPAG, see Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft

Harding, Warren G., 76, 84, 89, 90

Harland & Wolff, 9, 39, 93

Harriman, W. Averell, 77

Harris, Basil, 127, 197, 198–99

Hartley, Herbert, 87, 89, 90, 91, 94–95, 115

Harvard, 17–21, 33, 34, 38, 45, 47, 56, 60, 68, 144, 189, 193

Harvard Stadium, 20

Havana, 119, 130

Haverford, Pa., 34, 49, 54, 62

Hayes, Bertram, 67–68

Hearst, William Randolph, 42, 63, 175

Leviathan controversy and, 74–75, 77

Heathrow Airport, 345

Heinkel seaplane, 121

Henry, Patrick, 172

Hicks, Preston, 241

Hicks, Raymond, 216, 221

high-pressure, high-temperature steam, 124–25, 142, 143–44, 146, 336

high-pressure, high-temperature turbines, 124–125, 141–44, 148, 202, 203, 362

Hindenburg, 160

Hitler, Adolf, 153, 164, 167, 180, 182

Hoboken, N.J., 62, 63, 74, 155, 159

Hong Kong, 352–53

Hoover, Dickinson N., 132

Hoover, Herbert, 107

Horne, George, 223–24, 268, 269, 296, 304–5, 311

horsepower, 122, 125, 150, 209

of Bremen, 120, 121, 125

of Design 12201/ United States, 20, 203, 209, 210, 233, 266, 356

of Navy destroyers, 144, 146

of Queen Mary, 202

Horton, Drucie Snyder, 295, 296, 309

hospital ships, 50, 52, 53

House of Morgan, 12, 23, 46, 53, 60–63, 183

House of Representatives, U.S., 45–46

Expenditures Committee of, 227–28

Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee of, 283

Naval Affairs Committee of, 181–89, 211

Hudson River, 7, 32–33, 43, 62, 96, 114, 145, 204

Lafayette fire in, 174, 175

Leviathan in, 79, 80, 89

United States in, 289, 298, 317, 321

Vaterland’ s accidental backing into, 51, 64

Huhn, Augusta May Gibbs, 15

Huhn, William Hamilton Tevis, 15

Hull 534, 150–51

see also Queen Mary

hull design, 57, 58, 92–93, 122, 126, 157, 170

for Design 12201/ United States, 200–203, 231, 324, 355

hulls, 205, 214, 361

models of, 208–9

of United States, 231, 234, 237, 240, 245

Huntington, Collis, 82–83

Huntington, Mrs. Collis, 83

icebergs, 40, 42, 44, 45, 51, 261

Iddon, Don, 296–97, 300, 301, 302–3, 308

Idlewild Airport, 345

“If” (Kipling), 342–43

Ile de France, 115–16, 121, 123, 212, 213, 274, 333, 336, 346

World War II and, 164, 165–66

IMM, see International Mercantile Marine

immigrants, 5, 8, 9, 24, 31, 38, 39, 213, 258, 274, 276, 330, 348, 349

U.S. restriction of, 91–92

Immigration Act (1965), 348

Imperator, 51, 69, 97

Inchon landing, 235

Independence Day celebration, 304–5

Inman Line, 11

insulation, 14, 174, 238, 248, 361

insurance, 133, 216

interior decoration, 205, 321

of America, 158, 212, 234, 235, 247, 251, 254

of Leviathan, 159

of Morro Castle, 132

of Normandie, 136–37

of Queen Mary, 149–50, 152, 153, 255, 258, 295

of Santa s, 140

of United States, 234, 235, 246–59, 295, 300, 360

International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 45, 112, 362

International Ice Patrol, 45

International Mercantile Marine (IMM), 12, 23–25, 62, 68, 81, 97, 154–59, 348

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