Steven Ujifusa - A Man and His Ship

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THE STORY OF A GREAT AMERICAN BUILDER
A
United States, Gibbs was an American original, on par with John Roebling of the Brooklyn Bridge and Frank Lloyd Wright of Fallingwater. Forced to drop out of Harvard following his family’s sudden financial ruin, he overcame debilitating shyness and lack of formal training to become the visionary creator of some of the finest ships in history. He spent forty years dreaming of the ship that became the S.S. William Francis Gibbs was driven, relentless, and committed to excellence. He loved his ship, the idea of it, and the realization of it, and he devoted himself to making it the epitome of luxury travel during the triumphant post–World War II era. Biographer Steven Ujifusa brilliantly describes the way Gibbs worked and how his vision transformed an industry.
is a tale of ingenuity and enterprise, a truly remarkable journey on land and sea.

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fires, 49, 76, 80, 108, 154, 158, 196, 362

Bremen and, 164–65

in Europa, 214

in Morro Castle, 129–34, 158, 161, 174, 176, 260, 334

in Normandie/Lafayette, 174–76

in Paris, 174

United States and, 246, 248–49, 251, 260

flag, British, 45, 77, 152, 306

flag, U.S., 11, 23, 50, 94, 163, 207, 310, 358, 366

Leviathan and, 70, 75, 77, 86, 89

United States and, 287, 306, 312, 321

World War II and, 167

Florida, 87–88, 249, 266, 352

foam glass, 255, 259

fog, 32, 108, 109, 111, 261, 321, 332

United States’ maiden voyage and, 301–2, 304–7

Follmann, Joseph, 329

Follmann, Judith, 329

Forrest, Matthew, 157, 201, 202, 210, 289–90, 311, 312

Forrestal, James V., 219, 225, 226

Fortune, 335, 336

Foster Wheeler, 138–39

France, 10, 68, 90, 97, 120, 135, 310, 318

Europa given to, 214

fall of, 165, 166, 175

superliners and, 112, 122, 126

Washington Naval Conference and, 107

World War II and, 165, 166, 175, 180, 189

France (ship), 336–37, 346, 354–55

Franklin, Emily, 294, 295, 348

Franklin, John, 65–68, 127–28, 154–59, 203–211, 214, 347, 366, 367

on airplanes, 159–60

father replaced by, 68, 156, 159

Gibbs’s meetings with, 194, 196–97, 200, 203–8

memoirs of, 197, 291

Panamanian registry considered by, 161, 162–63

stepping down of, 348

superliner project and, 195, 196–97, 200, 203–8, 215, 217, 218, 220–22, 225, 234, 236, 244, 250, 264, 266–67, 268, 282, 283, 287, 291

threat of seizure of United States and, 234, 236

at United States launching, 244

United States’ maiden voyage and, 294, 295, 302, 309, 310–11

in United States’ return to New York, 313, 315

in World War I, 65–68, 197

World War II and, 167, 169, 197, 204

Franklin, Laura, see Dunn, Laura Franklin

Franklin, Philip, 38, 40–46, 106, 127, 348, 367

Bismarck purchase and, 81

death of, 163

Gibbs brothers’ meeting with, 61–62, 244

Leviathan reconversion and, 70, 74–79, 83–84

Leviathan’ s final departure and, 159

release from Leviathan obligations of, 154

retirement of, 156

World War I and, 52, 64–68

fraternization, crew-passenger, 276, 328–29

Frederica, Queen of Greece, 323

Free French, 165

French Line, 95, 106, 115–16, 136–39, 174, 305, 333

Blue Riband and, 122

colors of, 205

disposal of older ships of, 346

France and, 336–37, 346

post–World War II, 213

service on, 273, 274

fuel consumption and costs, 52, 54, 135, 203, 209, 216, 349

efficiency and, 141, 143, 146, 206, 208, 355

fuel tanks, 201–2

Fulton, Robert, 7

funerals, 322, 351

funnels, 92–93, 123, 136, 205, 335

in Europa, 214

in United States, 237, 239–40, 263, 264, 265, 278, 293, 312, 324, 369

furnishings, 214

in United States, 246–49, 251–54, 256, 257, 270

gala dinners, 307–10, 330

gales, 31–32, 96, 123, 129, 266, 267, 307, 367

Gallipoli campaign, 53

Garland, Judy, 323

Garzke, William, Jr., 144

geared turbines, 55, 122, 141, 150

General Accounting Office (GAO), 227, 281–82

General Electric (GE), 54–57, 138–39, 142

General Motors, 186

Genoa, 135, 167, 332

George V, King of England, 151

George Washington, 74, 77, 94, 106

German-Americans, 274, 276

Germany, 28–30, 50–51, 57, 92, 94, 210, 330, 345

airships in, 160

Blue Riband and, 12, 28, 89, 116, 119, 120, 121, 123, 124, 209

competition with, 9–10, 25, 26, 38–39, 209

engines used by, 28–29, 30

express liner of, 209–10

Gibbs in, 73–74

IMM and, 24

Nazi, 141, 153, 161, 164–70, 175, 189, 213

post–World War I rebuilding of shipping in, 97, 112, 116, 117, 119–25

takeover of ships of, 63–64, 69, 70, 73, 74–75, 89, 94, 97, 117, 198, 213

World War I and, 50–53, 56, 59, 60, 62–65, 69, 73, 161, 164–70, 175, 189, 193

Gibbs, Bertha, 35, 243, 245

Gibbs, Christopher, 103–4, 245, 339, 342–43, 351

Gibbs, Frances, 13–18, 21, 23, 34, 35

death of, 98, 352

Gibbs, Francis Cravath “Frank,” 103–4, 181, 339, 342, 343, 351, 366

Gibbs, Frederic, 4, 13–14, 21, 35, 54–63, 97, 143, 147, 336, 337, 341–42

brother’s correspondence with, 209, 215

brother’s marriage and, 104

business affairs handled by, 178, 183, 186, 216–17, 220, 285

Design 12201/ United States and, 216–17, 218, 220, 228, 234, 255, 264, 285, 290

education of, 17–18, 35, 147

father’s death and, 98

financing search and, 54, 59–63

Franklin’s meetings with, 199–200, 204, 206, 207, 208

last years and death of, 365

Leviathan reconversion and, 70, 74, 77, 79, 80, 82, 83

Malolo and, 105, 108, 110, 111

mathematical and business skills of, 54, 104

profiteering investigation and, 183, 184

separate office of, 178, 216, 220, 234

ship design and, 49–50, 138, 196

travel abroad of, 16, 25, 27–28, 30

United States Lines purchase and, 116–17

Gibbs, Genevieve, 35

Gibbs, Georgiana, 98

Gibbs, Paula, 342

Gibbs, Susan, 342, 366

Gibbs, Vera Cravath, 99–105, 181, 338–43

death of, 365–66

husband’s death and, 351–52

United States and, 242–43, 245–46, 270, 271–72, 284–85, 308, 313–16, 325–26

Gibbs, William Francis, 12–22, 32–37, 54–63, 68–94, 116–19, 124–28, 138–48, 156–59, 193–211, 213–16, 219–26, 229–36, 238–250, 312–25, 327, 359–63

appearance of, 17, 80, 101, 103, 111, 138, 176, 178, 205, 230, 242, 243, 263, 264, 315, 337, 338

arts interests of, 337–39, 344

charisma of, 72, 85, 321

childhood of, 3–6, 13–17, 147, 243

as comptroller of shipbuilding, 179–80

criticism of, 82, 118, 146, 148

death of, 350–52

as designer, 18–19, 47, 49–50, 56–60, 72–73, 78, 79, 84–85, 112, 138–41, 146, 147, 148, 150, 153, 156–57, 169, 171, 175, 179, 180, 183, 210, 211, 219, 319, 335, 337, 342, 355–56, 362; see also Design 11811; Design 12201

eating habits of, 103, 320, 321, 341

education of, 16–21, 34–35, 45, 48–49, 56, 144, 147

family background of, 13–16, 18, 147

as father, 103–4, 342–43, 351

financing search and, 54, 59–63, 78, 83, 113, 134

foreign language requirement of, 17, 21, 34

House testimony of, 184–88

at launch of St. Louis, 3–6, 13, 105, 272, 359

as lawyer, 35, 48, 49, 56, 58, 189, 312

Leviathan reconversion and, 70–87, 92–93, 97, 106

Malolo and, 105–13, 140

marriage of, 99, 102, 103, 351

mathematical limitations of, 21, 48, 54

on Mauretania, 25, 28, 30, 32–33

memory of, 72, 138, 147–48

as meticulous and tough manager, 147–48

Normandie tour of, 138, 157

poor health of, 13, 16–17

private life of, 339–44

profiteering investigation and, 181–89, 211

property holdings of, 181

public relations trick of, 81–82

public-speaking knack of, 338–39

Queen Mary’ s problems and, 153

and rebuilding of Navy, 134, 141–48

reclusiveness of, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20

scrapbook of, 159, 198, 213, 224, 365

secrecy of, 85, 145, 147, 157, 186, 223–24, 229, 242, 261–62, 264, 284, 288, 292, 355, 362

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