Hubert Bancroft - The Native Races [of the Pacific states], Volume 1, Wild Tribes

'Ont fait beaucoup plus de progrès dans les arts que dans la morale.' La Pérouse , Voy. , tom. ii., p. 233. Thlinkeet women make baskets of bark of trees, and grass, that will hold water. Langsdorff's Voy. , pt. ii., p. 132. They have tolerable ideas of carving, most utensils having sculptures, representing some animal. Portlock's Voy. , p. 294. 'Ces peintures, ces sculptures, telles qu'elles sont, on en voit sur tous leurs meubles.' Marchand , Voy. , tom. ii., p. 71. 'De la vivacidad de su genio y del afecto al cambio se debe inferir son bastantemente laboriosos.' Bodega y Quadra , Nav. , MS. p. 48. 'Tienen lana blanca cuya especie ignoraron.' Perez , Nav. , MS. p. 16. 'Masks very ingeniously cut in wood, and painted with different colors.' A rattle, 'very well finished, both as to sculpture and painting.' 'One might suppose these productions the work of a people greatly advanced in civilization.' Lisiansky's Voy. , pp. 150, 241. 'Found some square patches of ground in a state of cultivation, producing a plant that appeared to be a species of tobacco.' Vancouver's Voy. , vol. iii., p. 256.

'The skins of the sea-otters form their principal wealth, and are a substitute for money.' Kotzebue's New Voy. , vol. ii., p. 54. 'In one place they discovered a considerable hoard of woolen cloth, and as much dried fish as would have loaded 150 bidarkas.' Lisiansky's Voy. , p. 160.

'Le Gouvernement des Tchinkitânéens paroîtroit donc se rapprocher du Gouvernement patriarchal.' Marchand , Voy. , tom. ii., p. 83. 'De su gobierno pensamos cuando mas, oiendo el modo de someterse á algunos viejos, seria oligárhico.' Bodega y Quadra , Nav. , MS. p. 50. 'Though the toyons have power over their subjects, it is a very limited power, unless when an individual of extraordinary abilities starts up, who is sure to rule despotically.' Lisiansky's Voy. , p. 243. 'Chaque famille semble vivre d'une manière isolée et avoir un régime particulier.' La Pérouse , Voy. , tom. iv., p. 61. 'Ces Conseils composés des vieillards.' Laplace , Circumnav. , tom. vi., p. 155.

Tribes are distinguished by the color and character of their paint. Kotzebue's New Voy. , vol. ii., p. 51. They 'are divided into tribes; the principal of which assume to themselves titles of distinction, from the names of the animals they prefer; as the tribe of the bear, of the eagle, etc. The tribe of the wolf are called Coquontans , and have many privileges over the other tribes.' Lisiansky's Voy. , pp. 238, 242.

'The women possess a predominant influence, and acknowledged superiority over the other sex.' Meares' Voy. , p. 323. 'Parmi eux les femmes jouissent d'une certaine considération.' Laplace , Circumnav. , tom. vi., p. 87. They treat their wives and children with much affection and tenderness, and the women keep the treasures. Portlock's Voy. , p. 290. The Kalush 'finds his filthy countrywomen, with their lip-troughs, so charming, that they often awaken in him the most vehement passion.' Kotzebue's New Voy. , vol. ii., p. 56. 'It is certain that industry, reserve, modesty, and conjugal fidelity, are the general characteristics of the female sex among these people.' Langsdorff's Voy. , pt. ii., p. 133. 'Quoiqu'elles vivent sous la domination d'hommes très-féroces, je n'ai pas vu qu'elles en fussent traitées d'une manière aussi barbare que le prétendent la plupart des voyageurs.' La Pérouse , Voy. , tom. iv., p. 61.

'Weddings are celebrated merely by a feast, given to the relatives of the bride.' Kotzebue's New Voy. , vol. ii., p. 57.

'Ils ne s'écartent jamais de deux pas pour aucun besoin; ils ne cherchent dans ces occasions ni l'ombre ni le mystère; ils continuent la conversation qu'ils ont commencée, comme s'ils n'avaient pas un instant à perdre; et lorsque c'est pendant le repas, ils reprennent leur place, dont ils n'ont jamais été éloignés d'une toise.' La Pérouse , Voy. , tom. ii., p. 221.

'Ont un goût décidé pour le chant.' Marchand , Voy. , tom. ii., p. 75. 'The women sit upon the ground at a distance of some paces from the dancers, and sing a not inharmonious melody, which supplies the place of music.' Langsdorff's Voy. , pt. ii., p. 114. 'They dance and sing continually.' Lisiansky's Voy. , p. 240. Besides the tambourine, Captain Belcher saw a castanet and 'a new musical instrument, composed of three hoops, with a cross in the centre, the circumference being closely strung with the beaks of the Alca arctica.' Voy. , vol. i., p. 103.

They lose at this game all their possessions, and even their wives and children, who then become the property of the winner.' Kotzebue's New Voy. , vol. ii., p. 62. 'Ce jeu les rend tristes et sérieux.' La Pérouse , Voy. , tom. ii., p. 235.

Upon one tomb, 'formaba una figura grande y horrorosa que tenia entre sus garras una caxa.' Sutil y Mexicana , Viage , p. cxviii. 'The box is frequently decorated with two or three rows of small shells.' Dixon's Voy. , p. 176. 'The dead are burned, and their ashes preserved in small wooden boxes, in buildings appropriated to that purpose.' Kotzebue's New Voy. , vol. ii., p. 57. 'Nos voyageurs rencontrèrent aussi un morai qui leur prouva que ces Indiens étaient dans l'usage de brûler les morts et d'en conserver la tête.' La Pérouse , Voy. , tom. ii., p. 205. 'On the death of a toyon, or other distinguished person, one of his slaves is deprived of life, and burned with him.' Lisiansky's Voy. , p. 241.

Called by Gallatin, in Am. Antiq. Soc. Transact. , vol. ii., p. 17, Athapasca , the name 'first given to the central part of the country they inhabit.' Sir John Richardson, Jour. , vol. ii., p. 1, calls them 'Tinnè, or 'Dtinnè, Athabascans or Chepewyans.' 'They style themselves generally Dinneh men, or Indians.' Franklin's Nar. , vol. i., p. 241.

Richardson's Jour. , vol. ii., pp. 1-33.

'Les Indiens de la côte ou de la Nouvelle Calédonie, les Tokalis, les Chargeurs (Carriers) les Schouchouaps, les Atnas, appartiennent tous à la nation des Chipeouaïans dont la langue est en usage dans le nord du Continent jusqu'à la baie d'Hudson et à la Mer Polaire.' Mofras , Explor. , tom. ii., p. 337.

Are 'known under the names of Loucheux , Digothi , and Kutshin .' Latham's Nat. Races , p. 292. 'They are called Deguthee Dinees, or the Quarrellers .' Mackenzie's Voy. , p. 51. 'On Peel's River they name themselves Kutchin , the final n being nasal and faintly pronounced.' Richardson's Jour. , vol. i., p. 378. They are also called Tykothee-dinneh , Loucheux or Quarrellers. Franklin's Nar. , vol. ii., p. 83. 'The Loucheux proper is spoken by the Indians of Peel's River. All the tribes inhabiting the valley of the Youkon understand one another.' Hardisty , in Smithsonian Rept. , 1866, p. 311.

Gallatin, in Am. Antiq. Soc. Transact. , vol. ii., p. 17, erroneously ruled the Loucheux out of his Athabasca nation. 'Im äussersten Nordosten hat uns Gallatin aufmerksam gemacht auf das Volk der Loucheux, Zänker-Indianer oder Digothi: an der Mündung des Mackenzie-Flusses, nach Einigen zu dessen beiden Seiten (westliche und östliche): dessen Sprache er nach den Reisenden für fremd den athapaskischen hielt: worüber sich die neuen Nachrichten noch widersprechen.' Buschmann , Spuren der Aztek. Sprache , p. 713. Franklin, Nar. , vol. ii., p. 83, allies the Loucheux to the Eskimos.