Janine Wedel - Shadow Elite - How the World's New Power Brokers Undermine Democracy, Government, and the Free Market

7. Department of Defense, Inspector General, “Alleged Conflict of Interest and Misuse of Public Office: Mr. Richard N. Perle, Former Chairman Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee,” November 10, 2003, http://www.dodig.mil/fo/Foia/RichardPerleReport.pdf. For further information about the report issued by the Pentagon’s inspector general, see Stephen Labaton, “Report Finds No Violations at Pentagon by Adviser,” New York Times , November 15, 2004, http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/15/business/15global.html?th.

8. Melvin J. Dubnick, “Seeking Salvation for Accountability,” prepared for delivery at the 2002 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, August 29–September 1, 2002, pp. 6–7, http://pubpages.unh.edu/dubnick/papers/2002/salv2002.pdf. This scholar further notes that today’s practice of accountability, by contrast, “holds the promise of bringing someone to justice, of generating desired performance through control and oversight, of promoting democracy through institutional forms” (p. 2).

9. The Power quote is found in Power, The Audit Explosion , p. 21.

10. With regard to nonstate actors playing off the rules of any particular country in which they operate against the rules of others: Multinational corporations have been doing just this for years. For example, as Lloyd J. Dumas has written, “suppose one nation in which they [a multinational corporation] have a subsidiary increases a tax on the profits of companies operating in their country. The multinational can lower the price at which its subsidiary in that country ‘sells’ its output to another division of the same multinational located in a country without a profits tax. (This is called ‘transfer pricing.’) That will reduce the profits of the subsidiary in the country that raised taxes and increase the profits of the division operating where there is no tax. The result: the multinational completely avoids the tax increase without violating any country’s laws.” Dumas, Wedel, and Callman, Confronting Corruption, Building Accountability .

11. Author’s interview with Gaston L. Gianni, June 16, 2009. Author’s interview with Monique Helfrich, September 1, 2008.

12. International development specialist Dipak Gyawali outlines the concept of “social audit,” a holistic notion that captures “the larger processes of social critique that are not limited to procedural mistakes only. . . . It is not enough for procedures to have been followed: it is important that the entire enterprise itself be right” (Dumas, Wedel, and Callman, Confronting Corruption, Building Accountability ). The quotations from Monique Helfrich are from my interview of September 1, 2008.

13. Book by Moisés Naím, Illicit: How Smugglers, Traffickers and Counterfeiters are Hijacking the Global Economy (New York: Random House, Inc., 2006); Moisés Naím, talk at New America Foundation, April 29, 2009.

INDEX

AARP. See American Association of Retired Persons (AARP)

Abrams, Elliott, 151–152, 153, 162, 163–164, 170, 172, 173, 183

Accenture, 84

Access to information, 1–2, 3, 35, 44–45

Accountability, 193–205

auditing and, 196–203

contractors and, 91–91, 99, 106

flexians and, 3–4, 12, 18, 20, 198–203

flex organizations and lack of, 136–137

of modern state, 7

networks and, 39

NGOs serving governmental functions and, 32–33

in post-Cold War era, 35

privatization of state functions and loss of, 70–71

redesign of governing and, 29–30, 31, 81–82

rewriting rules of, 18–19

in U.S. government, 76, 92, 106

See also Government Accountability Office (GAO)

ACDA. See Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA)

ACLU’s Technology and Liberty Project, 88

Acquisition Advisory Panel, 86, 98

Acquisition Reform Working Group, 93

Acquisition workforce, 80

Act on Radio and Television (2002), 65

Advisory boards/committees, government task forces, 77, 100–102

AEI. See American Enterprise Institute (AEI)

Agencies ( agencje ), 69–70

Agora, 64–66

AIG. See American International Group (AIG)

AIPAC (American Israel Public Affairs Committee), 188

Allegiance, of flexians, 15–16

Alternative intelligence assessments, 158–161

Ambiguity, 18, 20, 45, 81, 130

Chubais-Harvard players and institutionalized, 133–135

Created by flex organizations, 133–135, 136

American Bar Association, 107, 108

American Economic Association, 144

American Enterprise Institute (AEI), 171, 172, 174, 188, 190

American International Group (AIG), 83, 204

Anthropology/anthropologists, ix, x, xi, xiv, 25, 37, 47, 59, 197

Appearance(s), of the moment, of doing good

job, 4, 30, 40, 44–45, 199

Arendt, Hannah, 155

Armey, Dick, 167

Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), 148, 159

Arthur Andersen, 195–196

Åslund, Anders, 129–130, 135

Assassins’ Gate, The (Packer), 174, 175–176

Assertive nationalists/aggressive nationalists, 157, 175

Atta, Mohamed, 186

Audit/auditing, 3, 194, 195–203

in United Kingdom, 196–197

in United States, 196–197, 201

Authority

blurring of lines of, 35

challenges to bureaucratic, 158–159

IDIQ contracts and diffusion of, 96

networks and, 39

rearrangement of, 27

truthiness and, 42–43

Bailouts, 83–84, 204

Baker, Jim, 174

Ballistic missile defense, 165–169

Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO), 166

Bank of International Settlements, 37

Bank of New York, 140–141

BBC, 187

Bear Stearns, 83

Benador, Eliana, 176, 185

Benador Associates, 176, 185

Berezovsky, Boris, 142

Berliner, Joseph, 54

“Best and Brightest,” 17

“Big Bang” concept of NATO expansion, 8

Big Six accounting firms, 118

BlackRock, 83–84, 87

Blackwater (Xe), 74

Blat , 52

Blended workforce, 75, 81, 91

Blum, Jack, 20–21, 165, 195–196

BMDO. See Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO)

Bolton, John, 158, 170, 171, 172, 173, 181, 183, 189

Booz Allen Hamilton, 74, 79–80, 88, 91, 106, 167

Booz & Co., 91

Bosnia-Herzegovina, 24

Boycko, Maxim, 114, 115, 116, 120, 124, 133, 134, 135, 136, 143

Branding, 122–129

Bremer, L. Paul, 99

Brookings Institution, 171

Budget

appropriation of by institutional nomads, 68–71

contract, 79

growth of shadow government and, 79

Bureaucracy

challenges to authority of, 158–159

coping with in communist state, 48–55

market vs. , 28, 29, 59, 149

Neocon core and, 156, 158, 177–183

networks replacing, 26

personalizing, 15–16, 52, 61, 62, 72, 94, 96

Chubais-Harvard players and, 115, 119, 121–122, 126–127

Neocon core and, 177–183

redesigning governing and, 27

reinvention of, 33

reorganizing relation with business, 7

rewriting rules of accountability, 18–19

Weberian model of, 28

Burger, Ethan, xiv

Burlin, Thomas, 89

Burson-Marsteller, 118, 124

Bush, George H. W., 34, 107, 159, 165

Bush, George W., 37, 73, 107, 169, 188, 190

Bush administration (George H. W.), 92

Bush administration (George W.), 2, 9, 83, 101–102, 168–169, 173

Business

injecting principles of into government, 28, 29

purpose of, 92

reorganizing relation with bureaucracy, 7